trước

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Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *k-laːk. Cognate with Malieng kələak⁸. Related to Proto-Katuic *kaliiʔ (“forehead”) (whence Western Bru kali̤aʔ).

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經, c. 12th cent.) as 略 (MC ljak) (modern SV: lược) and 畧, alternative form of 略 (MC ljak) (modern SV: lược). Attested as tlước in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

Alternative forms

  • (certain coastal Northern dialects, endangered) tước (/ʈ/-/t/ merger)

Preposition

trước • (畧, 𠓀, 𨎠, 󱙹, 𱏯, 𱐨, 略, 𠠩)

  1. before (earlier than in time)
  2. in front of

Adverb

trước • (畧, 𠓀, 𨎠, 󱙹, 𱏯, 𱐨, 略, 𠠩)

  1. before
    Em trước. ― Me first.
    Bạn đi trước ― After you. (literally, “You go first.”)
  2. ago
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 竹; this is the Southern form, and doublet of trúc. For the rime correspondence, compare phúc vs. phước, phụng vs. phượng.

Attested in the Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838), Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị (1895), and Tam Tự Kinh diễn nghĩa (1917).

Noun

(classifier cây) trước

  1. (obsolete) Southern Vietnam form of trúc (“(kind of) bamboo”)
    • 1895, Huình Tịnh Của, Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị:
      梅 Mai. c. (Mơ) Hai thứ cây lớn, thứ có bông thơm, thứ có trái chua.
      ― trước. Cây mai, cây trước, nghĩa mượn là bậu bạn, vợ chồng.
      梅 Mai. c. (Mơ) Two species of big trees, one has fragrant flowers, the other has sour fruits.
      ― trước. Ochnas and bamboos, signify friendship or conjugality.
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