tumaini

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Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic طَمِعَ (ṭamiʕa).

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-tumaini (infinitive kutumaini)

  1. to hope (to want something to happen)
  2. to believe, expect

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tumaini
Positive present -natumaini
Subjunctive -tumaini
Negative -tumaini
Imperative singular tumaini
Infinitives
Positive kutumaini
Negative kutotumaini
Imperatives
Singular tumaini
Plural tumainini
Tensed forms
Habitual hutumaini
Positive past positive subject concord + -litumaini
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutumaini
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natumaini)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatumaini/natumaini tunatumaini
2nd person unatumaini mnatumaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatumaini wanatumaini
other classes positive subject concord + -natumaini
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tumaini)
Singular Plural
1st person situmaini hatutumaini
2nd person hutumaini hamtumaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatumaini hawatumaini
other classes negative subject concord + -tumaini
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatumaini
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatumaini
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tumaini)
Singular Plural
1st person nitumaini tutumaini
2nd person utumaini mtumaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atumaini watumaini
other classes positive subject concord + -tumaini
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situmaini
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetumaini
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetumaini
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitumaini
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitumaini
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atumaini)
Singular Plural
1st person natumaini twatumaini
2nd person watumaini mwatumaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atumaini watumaini
m-mi(III/IV) watumaini yatumaini
ji-ma(V/VI) latumaini yatumaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatumaini vyatumaini
n(IX/X) yatumaini zatumaini
u(XI) watumaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatumaini
pa(XVI) patumaini
mu(XVIII) mwatumaini
Perfect positive subject concord + -metumaini
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatumaini
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatumaini
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitumaini
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotumaini
Consecutive katumaini / positive subject concord + -katumaini
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katumaini
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitumaini -tutumaini
2nd person -kutumaini -watumaini/-kutumainini/-watumainini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtumaini -watumaini
m-mi(III/IV) -utumaini -itumaini
ji-ma(V/VI) -litumaini -yatumaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitumaini -vitumaini
n(IX/X) -itumaini -zitumaini
u(XI) -utumaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutumaini
pa(XVI) -patumaini
mu(XVIII) -mutumaini
Reflexive -jitumaini
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tumaini- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tumainiye -tumainio
m-mi(III/IV) -tumainio -tumainiyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tumainilo -tumainiyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tumainicho -tumainivyo
n(IX/X) -tumainiyo -tumainizo
u(XI) -tumainio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tumainiko
pa(XVI) -tumainipo
mu(XVIII) -tumainimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tumaini)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetumaini -otumaini
m-mi(III/IV) -otumaini -yotumaini
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotumaini -yotumaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotumaini -vyotumaini
n(IX/X) -yotumaini -zotumaini
u(XI) -otumaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotumaini
pa(XVI) -potumaini
mu(XVIII) -motumaini
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Noun

tumaini class V (plural matumaini class VI)

  1. belief, expectation
  2. (often in the plural) hope

References

  1. ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193 Nr. 1721
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