From viho- (“rage”) + -lain. Akin to Finnish viholainen.
viholain
| Declension of viholain (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viholain | viholaiset |
| genitive | viholaisen | viholaisiin |
| partitive | viholaista, viholaist | viholaisia |
| illative | viholaisee | viholaisii |
| inessive | viholaisees | viholaisiis |
| elative | viholaisest | viholaisist |
| allative | viholaiselle | viholaisille |
| adessive | viholaiseel | viholaisiil |
| ablative | viholaiselt | viholaisilt |
| translative | viholaiseks | viholaisiks |
| essive | viholaisenna, viholaiseen | viholaisinna, viholaisiin |
| exessive1) | viholaisent | viholaisint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Ingrian viholain.
viholain
| Declension of viholain (type XII/sinin, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viholain | viholaizõd |
| genitive | viholaizõ | viholaisiijõ, viholaisii |
| partitive | viholaissõ | viholaisiitõ, viholaisii |
| illative | viholaisõ, viholaisõsõ | viholaisiisõ |
| inessive | viholaizõz | viholaisiiz |
| elative | viholaizõssõ | viholaisiissõ |
| allative | viholaizõlõ | viholaisiilõ |
| adessive | viholaizõllõ | viholaisiillõ |
| ablative | viholaizõltõ | viholaisiiltõ |
| translative | viholaizõssi | viholaisiissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||