From Middle English espien (“to espy”) or Old French espier (“to spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).
ysbïo (first-person singular present ysbïaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | ysbïaf | ysbii | ysbïa | ysbïwn | ysbïwch | ysbïant | ysbiir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | ysbïwn | ysbiit | ysbïai | ysbïem | ysbïech | ysbïent | ysbiid | |
preterite | ysbïais | ysbïaist | ysbïodd | ysbïasom | ysbïasoch | ysbïasant | ysbïwyd | |
pluperfect | ysbïaswn | ysbïasit | ysbïasai | ysbïasem | ysbïasech | ysbïasent | ysbïasid, ysbïesid | |
present subjunctive | ysbïwyf | ysbïech | ysbïo | ysbïom | ysbïoch | ysbïont | ysbïer | |
imperative | — | ysbïa | ysbïed | ysbïwn | ysbïwch | ysbïent | ysbïer | |
verbal noun | ysbïo | |||||||
verbal adjectives | ysbiedig ysbiadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | ysbïa i, ysbïaf i | ysbii di | ysbiith o/e/hi, ysbiiff o/e/hi | ysbïwn ni | ysbïwch chi | ysbïan nhw |
conditional | ysbïwn i, ysbiswn i | ysbïet ti, ysbiset ti | ysbïai fo/fe/hi, ysbisai fo/fe/hi | ysbïen ni, ysbisen ni | ysbïech chi, ysbisech chi | ysbïen nhw, ysbisen nhw |
preterite | ysbïais i, ysbïes i | ysbïaist ti, ysbïest ti | ysbïodd o/e/hi | ysbïon ni | ysbïoch chi | ysbïon nhw |
imperative | — | ysbïa | — | — | ysbïwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
ysbïo | unchanged | unchanged | hysbïo |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.