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French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French estendre, from Old French estendre, from Latin extendere.
Pronunciation
Verb
étendre
- (transitive, reflexive) to spread, to spread out, to lay out
- Il étendit du beurre sur du pain. ― He spread butter on bread.
- Il étendit du parchemin. ― He unfurled parchment.
- Il étendit un tapis. ― He laid out a rug.
Jésus-Christ fut étendu sur la croix.- Jesus Christ was stretched out on the Cross.
L’armée s’étendit dans la plaine.- The army spread out on the plain.
- Une tache d’huile s’étend peu à peu. ― A spot of oil is spreading little by little.
- (transitive) to stretch (the limbs)
L’oiseau étendre des ailes pour voler.- The bird spread wings to fly.
Elle étend la main pour le prendre.- She is stretching her arm to take it.
- (transitive) to hang out (washing)
- (transitive, reflexive) to extend, to enlarge, expand
- Il étendit son empire. ― He expanded his empire.
- Il étendit sa réputation. ― He extended his reputation.
- Il étendit son pouvoir. ― He expanded his power.
2020, Alexis Chabot, Manuel de culture générale – Cours & méthode, page 36:Cependant, un tel critère reste difficile à prendre au pied de la lettre : n’est-il pas très exceptionnel que le Peuple gouverne? En existe-t-il de véritables exemples? Il importe donc d’étendre cette notion pour intégrer le concept de représentation : faute de quoi on pourrait facilement conclure, à l’instar de [Rousseau] dans son essai Du contrat social qu’«aucune démocratie n’existe ni n’existera jamais en ce monde».- However, such a criterion is difficult to take literally: isn't it exceptional for the People to govern? Are there any real examples? Otherwise, we could easily conclude, as did in his essay The Social Contract, that "no democracy exists or will ever exist in this world".
- (reflexive) to expand upon; to discuss in greater detail
- (transitive) to dilute; to water down
- Il étendit du vin avec de l’eau. ― He watered down wine with water.
Conjugation
| infinitive
|
simple
|
étendre
|
| compound
|
avoir + past participle
|
| present participle or gerund1
|
simple
|
étendant
/e.tɑ̃.dɑ̃/
|
| compound
|
ayant + past participle
|
| past participle
|
étendu
/e.tɑ̃.dy/
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| indicative
|
je (j’)
|
tu
|
il, elle, on
|
nous
|
vous
|
ils, elles
|
(simple
tenses)
|
present
|
étends
/e.tɑ̃/
|
étends
/e.tɑ̃/
|
étend
/e.tɑ̃/
|
étendons
/e.tɑ̃.dɔ̃/
|
étendez
/e.tɑ̃.de/
|
étendent
/e.tɑ̃d/
|
| imperfect
|
étendais
/e.tɑ̃.dɛ/
|
étendais
/e.tɑ̃.dɛ/
|
étendait
/e.tɑ̃.dɛ/
|
étendions
/e.tɑ̃.djɔ̃/
|
étendiez
/e.tɑ̃.dje/
|
étendaient
/e.tɑ̃.dɛ/
|
| past historic2
|
étendis
/e.tɑ̃.di/
|
étendis
/e.tɑ̃.di/
|
étendit
/e.tɑ̃.di/
|
étendîmes
/e.tɑ̃.dim/
|
étendîtes
/e.tɑ̃.dit/
|
étendirent
/e.tɑ̃.diʁ/
|
| future
|
étendrai
/e.tɑ̃.dʁe/
|
étendras
/e.tɑ̃.dʁa/
|
étendra
/e.tɑ̃.dʁa/
|
étendrons
/e.tɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/
|
étendrez
/e.tɑ̃.dʁe/
|
étendront
/e.tɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/
|
| conditional
|
étendrais
/e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/
|
étendrais
/e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/
|
étendrait
/e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/
|
étendrions
/e.tɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/
|
étendriez
/e.tɑ̃.dʁi.je/
|
étendraient
/e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/
|
(compound
tenses)
|
present perfect
|
present indicative of avoir + past participle
|
| pluperfect
|
imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
|
| past anterior2
|
past historic of avoir + past participle
|
| future perfect
|
future of avoir + past participle
|
| conditional perfect
|
conditional of avoir + past participle
|
| subjunctive
|
que je (j’)
|
que tu
|
qu’il, qu’elle
|
que nous
|
que vous
|
qu’ils, qu’elles
|
(simple
tenses)
|
present
|
étende
/e.tɑ̃d/
|
étendes
/e.tɑ̃d/
|
étende
/e.tɑ̃d/
|
étendions
/e.tɑ̃.djɔ̃/
|
étendiez
/e.tɑ̃.dje/
|
étendent
/e.tɑ̃d/
|
| imperfect2
|
étendisse
/e.tɑ̃.dis/
|
étendisses
/e.tɑ̃.dis/
|
étendît
/e.tɑ̃.di/
|
étendissions
/e.tɑ̃.di.sjɔ̃/
|
étendissiez
/e.tɑ̃.di.sje/
|
étendissent
/e.tɑ̃.dis/
|
(compound
tenses)
|
past
|
present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
|
| pluperfect2
|
imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
|
| imperative
|
–
|
tu
|
–
|
nous
|
vous
|
–
|
| simple
|
—
|
étends
/e.tɑ̃/
|
—
|
étendons
/e.tɑ̃.dɔ̃/
|
étendez
/e.tɑ̃.de/
|
—
|
| compound
|
—
|
simple imperative of avoir + past participle
|
—
|
simple imperative of avoir + past participle
|
simple imperative of avoir + past participle
|
—
|
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
|
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
- past historic → present perfect
- past anterior → pluperfect
- imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
- pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).
|
Derived terms
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