ζέω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yes- (“to boil, foam”). Compare Sanskrit येषति (yeṣati, “to boil, bubble up”), यसति (yásati, “to froth up, foam”), English yeast.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ζέω • (zéō)

  1. to boil, seethe, effervesce
    Synonyms: βρᾰ́σσω (brắssō), ἕψω (hépsō)
  2. to heat
  3. to bubble up, well up
    Synonym: βλύζω (blúzō)
    • early 2nd century CE, Anyte, chapter 208, in Greek Anthology, Book VII‎:
      αἷμα ταλαυρίνου διὰ χρωτὸς ἔζεσε
      haîma talaurínou dià khrōtòs ézese
      blood bubbled up from his stubborn hide

Inflection

   Present: ζέω (Contracted only in -ει-)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ζέω ζεῖς ζεῖ ζεῖτον ζεῖτον ζέομεν ζεῖτε ζέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ζέω ζέῃς ζέῃ ζέητον ζέητον ζέωμεν ζέητε ζέωσῐ(ν)
optative ζέοιμῐ ζέοις ζέοι ζέοιτον ζεοίτην ζέοιμεν ζέοιτε ζέοιεν
imperative   ζεῖ ζείτω ζεῖτον ζείτων   ζεῖτε ζεόντων
active
infinitive ζεῖν
participle m ζέων
f ζέουσᾰ
n ζέον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔζεον (Contracted only in -ει-)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔζεον ἔζεις ἔζει ἐζεῖτον ἐζείτην ἐζέομεν ἐζεῖτε ἔζεον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ζέσω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ζέσω ζέσεις ζέσει ζέσετον ζέσετον ζέσομεν ζέσετε ζέσουσῐ(ν)
optative ζέσοιμῐ ζέσοις ζέσοι ζέσοιτον ζεσοίτην ζέσοιμεν ζέσοιτε ζέσοιεν
active
infinitive ζέσειν
participle m ζέσων
f ζέσουσᾰ
n ζέσον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔζεσᾰ, ἐζέσθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔζεσᾰ ἔζεσᾰς ἔζεσε(ν) ἐζέσᾰτον ἐζεσᾰ́την ἐζέσᾰμεν ἐζέσᾰτε ἔζεσᾰν
subjunctive ζέσω ζέσῃς ζέσῃ ζέσητον ζέσητον ζέσωμεν ζέσητε ζέσωσῐ(ν)
optative ζέσαιμῐ ζέσειᾰς,
ζέσαις 		ζέσειε(ν),
ζέσαι 		ζέσαιτον ζεσαίτην ζέσαιμεν ζέσαιτε ζέσειᾰν,
ζέσαιεν
imperative   ζέσον ζεσᾰ́τω ζέσᾰτον ζεσᾰ́των   ζέσᾰτε ζεσᾰ́ντων
passive indicative ἐζέσθην ἐζέσθης ἐζέσθη ἐζέσθητον ἐζεσθήτην ἐζέσθημεν ἐζέσθητε ἐζέσθησᾰν
subjunctive ζεσθῶ ζεσθῇς ζεσθῇ ζεσθῆτον ζεσθῆτον ζεσθῶμεν ζεσθῆτε ζεσθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ζεσθείην ζεσθείης ζεσθείη ζεσθεῖτον,
ζεσθείητον 		ζεσθείτην,
ζεσθειήτην 		ζεσθεῖμεν,
ζεσθείημεν 		ζεσθεῖτε,
ζεσθείητε 		ζεσθεῖεν,
ζεσθείησᾰν
imperative   ζέσθητῐ ζεσθήτω ζέσθητον ζεσθήτων   ζέσθητε ζεσθέντων
active passive
infinitive ζέσαι ζεσθῆναι
participle m ζέσᾱς ζεσθείς
f ζέσᾱσᾰ ζεσθεῖσᾰ
n ζέσᾰν ζεσθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ζέσσᾰ, ζεσσᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ζέσσᾰ ζέσσᾰς ζέσσε(ν) ζέσσᾰτον ζεσσᾰ́την ζέσσᾰμεν ζέσσᾰτε ζέσσᾰν
subjunctive ζέσσω ζέσσῃς ζέσσῃ ζέσσητον ζέσσητον ζέσσωμεν ζέσσητε ζέσσωσῐ(ν)
optative ζέσσαιμῐ ζέσσειᾰς,
ζέσσαις 		ζέσσειε(ν),
ζέσσαι 		ζέσσαιτον ζεσσαίτην ζέσσαιμεν ζέσσαιτε ζέσσειᾰν,
ζέσσαιεν
imperative   ζέσσον ζεσσᾰ́τω ζέσσᾰτον ζεσσᾰ́των   ζέσσᾰτε ζεσσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ζεσσᾰ́μην ζέσσω ζέσσᾰτο ζέσσᾰσθον ζεσσᾰ́σθην ζεσσᾰ́μεθᾰ ζέσσᾰσθε ζέσσᾰντο
subjunctive ζέσσωμαι ζέσσῃ ζέσσηται ζέσσησθον ζέσσησθον ζεσσώμεθᾰ ζέσσησθε ζέσσωνται
optative ζεσσαίμην ζέσσαιο ζέσσαιτο ζέσσαισθον ζεσσαίσθην ζεσσαίμεθᾰ ζέσσαισθε ζέσσαιντο
imperative   ζέσσαι ζεσσᾰ́σθω ζέσσᾰσθον ζεσσᾰ́σθων   ζέσσᾰσθε ζεσσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ζέσσαι ζέσσᾰσθαι
participle m ζέσσᾱς ζεσσᾰ́μενος
f ζέσσᾱσᾰ ζεσσᾰμένη
n ζέσσᾰν ζεσσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔζεσμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἔζεσμαι ἔζεσαι ἔζεσται ἔζεσθον ἔζεσθον ἐζέσμεθᾰ ἔζεσθε ἐζέσᾰται
subjunctive ἐζεσμένος ὦ ἐζεσμένος ᾖς ἐζεσμένος ᾖ ἐζεσμένω ἦτον ἐζεσμένω ἦτον ἐζεσμένοι ὦμεν ἐζεσμένοι ἦτε ἐζεσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐζεσμένος εἴην ἐζεσμένος εἴης ἐζεσμένος εἴη ἐζεσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον ἐζεσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην ἐζεσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν ἐζεσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε ἐζεσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   ἔζεσο ἐζέσθω ἔζεσθον ἐζέσθων   ἔζεσθε ἐζέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive ἐζέσθαι
participle m ἐζεσμένος
f ἐζεσμένη
n ἐζεσμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐζέσμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐζέσμην ἔζεσο ἔζεστο ἔζεσθον ἐζέσθην ἐζέσμεθᾰ ἔζεσθε ἐζέσᾰτο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Greek: ζέω (zéo, “to boil”, verb) (learned)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 499-500

Further reading

  • “ζέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ζέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ζέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ζέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ζέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ζέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • G2204 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
  • Encyclopedia Papyrus-Larousse (1963)
  • J.B Hofmann, Ετυμολογικόν Λεξικόν της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen)
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