κάρυον

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of unclear origin.

Traditionally compared with Latin carīna (ship's keel; shell of a nut) and Sanskrit करक (karaka, water jar; coconut (shell)). The Latin term is likely cognate, though whether via borrowing from Greek, a common third source, or via inheritance (traditionally taken as Proto-Indo-European *ker- (hard), whose existence has been doubted, including by Beekes) is uncertain, while the Sanskrit term is more dubious, particularly as the "coconut shell" meaning is listed as lexicographic, indicating that it may not have been the primary meaning.

Based on the Hesychian variant ἄρυα (árua, Heraclitean nut) displaying a κ-/∅ interchange in the initial, Beekes takes the word as Pre-Greek.[1]

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (head). Cognates include English harns, Old Norse hjarni, Latin cerebrum (all three meaning 'brain') and Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Persian سر (sar) and Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras) (all three meaning 'head'). See as well κρᾱνίον (krāníon, skull), κέρας (kéras, horn) and κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, face). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

 

Noun

κᾰ́ρῠον (káruonn (genitive κᾰρῠ́ου); second declension

  1. nut (hard-shelled seed)

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)
  • Latin: caryon
  • Translingual: Carya

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάρυον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 651

Further reading