πνεῦμα

See also: πνεύμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pnew-

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥

Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)

From Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥, equivalent to πνευ- (pneu-), the root of πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”), +‎ -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).^[1]

πνεῦμα • (pneûma) n (genitive πνεύματος); third declension

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πνεῦμᾰ tò pneûma	τὼ πνεύμᾰτε tṑ pneúmate	τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ tà pneúmata
Genitive	τοῦ πνεύμᾰτος toû pneúmatos	τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν toîn pneumátoin	τῶν πνευμᾰ́των tôn pneumátōn
Dative	τῷ πνεύμᾰτῐ tôi pneúmati	τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν toîn pneumátoin	τοῖς πνεύμᾰσῐ / πνεύμᾰσῐν toîs pneúmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ πνεῦμᾰ tò pneûma	τὼ πνεύμᾰτε tṑ pneúmate	τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ tà pneúmata
Vocative	πνεῦμᾰ pneûma	πνεύμᾰτε pneúmate	πνεύμᾰτᾰ pneúmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πνέω (> DER > 2. πνεῦμα)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1213-4

“πνεῦμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πνεῦμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
πνεῦμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
G4151 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
πνεῦμα in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- air idem, page 21.
- blast idem, page 82.
- breath idem, page 96.
- breeze idem, page 97.
- current idem, page 190.
- draught idem, page 250.
- exhalation idem, page 291.
- gust idem, page 379.
- wind idem, page 980.