πόλεμος

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, as suggested by πτ/τ variation in its variants.

However, the word has been connected to πάλλω (pállō, “to poise, sway, brandish”), πελεμίζω (pelemízō, “to shake, cause to quiver or tremble, struggle at the bow, in order to bend it”) and perhaps ψάλλω (psállō, “to pluck, twitch a string with the fingers; to sing to a harp, chant praises”), all possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”) (which Beekes finds semantically unconvincing, despite not being particularly farfetched).[1]

Compare Latin pello (“to push, drive, strike; to rout, conquer, defeat; to strike a chord; to touch, move”) and palpo (“to touch softly, stroke, pat, caress”), English feel, Ancient Greek πλήσσω (plḗssō, “to strike, smite”), Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌰 (usfilma, “terrified, appalled”), 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror, dismay”) – quasi analogies to ἐκπλήσσω (ekplḗssō) –, and Russian полох (polox, “fear, fright”).

Pronunciation

 

Noun

πόλεμος • (pólemos) m (genitive πολέμου); second declension

  1. war, battle

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πόλεμος; τοῦ πολέμου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ πόλεμος
ho pólemos 		τὼ πολέμω
tṑ polémō 		οἱ πόλεμοι
hoi pólemoi
Genitive τοῦ πολέμου
toû polémou 		τοῖν πολέμοιν
toîn polémoin 		τῶν πολέμων
tôn polémōn
Dative τῷ πολέμῳ
tôi polémōi 		τοῖν πολέμοιν
toîn polémoin 		τοῖς πολέμοις
toîs polémois
Accusative τὸν πόλεμον
tòn pólemon 		τὼ πολέμω
tṑ polémō 		τοὺς πολέμους
toùs polémous
Vocative πόλεμε
póleme 		πολέμω
polémō 		πόλεμοι
pólemoi
Notes:

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos)
  • French: polémique
  • English: polemic

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πόλεμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1218-9

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πόλεμος (pólemos).

Noun

πόλεμος • (pólemos) m (plural πόλεμοι)

  1. war
    εμφύλιος πόλεμος ― emfýlios pólemos ― civil war
    ακήρυχτος πόλεμος ― akírychtos pólemos ― undeclared war
    ολοκληρωτικός πόλεμος ― oloklirotikós pólemos ― total war
    ανάπηρος πολέμου ― anápiros polémou ― disabled serviceman

Declension

singular plural
nominative πόλεμος (pólemos) πόλεμοι (pólemoi)
genitive πολέμου (polémou) πολέμων (polémon)
accusative πόλεμο (pólemo) πολέμους (polémous)
vocative πόλεμε (póleme) πόλεμοι (pólemoi)

Derived terms

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia