σοφίζω

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Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 4 December 2022

Etymology

From σοφός (sophós, “skilled, wise”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

σοφίζω • (sophízō)

  1. to make wise, instruct
    • New Testament, Second Epistle to Timothy 3:15:
      τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως
      tà dunámená se sophísai eis sōtērían dià písteōs
      which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith
    1. (passive voice) to become wise, clever, skilled
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 649:
        οὔτε τι ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος οὔτε τι νηῶν
        oúte ti nautilíēs sesophisménos oúte ti nēôn
        though I have no skill in sea-faring nor in ships
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 13.6:
        ὅτι ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι σοφίζονται, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς νοήμασιν
        hóti en toîs onómasi sophízontai, ouk en toîs noḗmasin
        because they profess wisdom of words and not of thoughts
    2. (middle voice) to teach oneself, learn
  2. (middle voice) to practice an art; to be subtle; to speculate
    • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 200:
      οὐδὲν σοφιζόμεσθα τοῖσι δαίμοσιν.
      oudèn sophizómestha toîsi daímosin.
      We use no subtleties in dealing with the gods.
    • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 299b:
      καὶ σοφιζόμενος ὁτιοῦν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα
      kaì sophizómenos hotioûn perì tà toiaûta
      or to be indulging in any speculation whatsoever on such matters
    1. (with accusative) to devise skillfully
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.27:
        ὁ Τελλίης οὗτος σοφίζεται αὐτοῖσι τοιόνδε.
        ho Tellíēs hoûtos sophízetai autoîsi toiónde.
        Tellias devised a stratagem for them:
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 77:
        ἀλλ’ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι
        all’ autò toûto deî sophisthênai
        this is the very thing one must gain by craft
    2. (with accusative of person) to deceive
      • 75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 4.2.3:
        τοιούτοις ἐσοφίζετο τὸν Τίτον
        toioútois esophízeto tòn Títon
        Thus did this man put a trick upon Titus

Inflection

   Present: σοφῐ́ζω, σοφῐ́ζομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative σοφῐ́ζω σοφῐ́ζεις σοφῐ́ζει σοφῐ́ζετον σοφῐ́ζετον σοφῐ́ζομεν σοφῐ́ζετε σοφῐ́ζουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive σοφῐ́ζω σοφῐ́ζῃς σοφῐ́ζῃ σοφῐ́ζητον σοφῐ́ζητον σοφῐ́ζωμεν σοφῐ́ζητε σοφῐ́ζωσῐ(ν)
optative σοφῐ́ζοιμῐ σοφῐ́ζοις σοφῐ́ζοι σοφῐ́ζοιτον σοφῐζοίτην σοφῐ́ζοιμεν σοφῐ́ζοιτε σοφῐ́ζοιεν
imperative   σόφῐζε σοφῐζέτω σοφῐ́ζετον σοφῐζέτων   σοφῐ́ζετε σοφῐζόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative σοφῐ́ζομαι σοφῐ́ζῃ,
σοφῐ́ζει 		σοφῐ́ζεται σοφῐ́ζεσθον σοφῐ́ζεσθον σοφῐζόμεθᾰ σοφῐ́ζεσθε σοφῐ́ζονται
subjunctive σοφῐ́ζωμαι σοφῐ́ζῃ σοφῐ́ζηται σοφῐ́ζησθον σοφῐ́ζησθον σοφῐζώμεθᾰ σοφῐ́ζησθε σοφῐ́ζωνται
optative σοφῐζοίμην σοφῐ́ζοιο σοφῐ́ζοιτο σοφῐ́ζοισθον σοφῐζοίσθην σοφῐζοίμεθᾰ σοφῐ́ζοισθε σοφῐ́ζοιντο
imperative   σοφῐ́ζου σοφῐζέσθω σοφῐ́ζεσθον σοφῐζέσθων   σοφῐ́ζεσθε σοφῐζέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive σοφῐ́ζειν σοφῐ́ζεσθαι
participle m σοφῐ́ζων σοφῐζόμενος
f σοφῐ́ζουσᾰ σοφῐζομένη
n σοφῐ́ζον σοφῐζόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐσόφῐζον, ἐσοφῐζόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐσόφῐζον ἐσόφῐζες ἐσόφῐζε(ν) ἐσοφῐ́ζετον ἐσοφῐζέτην ἐσοφῐ́ζομεν ἐσοφῐ́ζετε ἐσόφῐζον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐσοφῐζόμην ἐσοφῐ́ζου ἐσοφῐ́ζετο ἐσοφῐ́ζεσθον ἐσοφῐζέσθην ἐσοφῐζόμεθᾰ ἐσοφῐ́ζεσθε ἐσοφῐ́ζοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: σοφῐέω, σοφῐέομαι, σοφῐσθήσομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative σοφῐέω σοφῐέεις σοφῐέει σοφῐέετον σοφῐέετον σοφῐέομεν σοφῐέετε σοφῐέουσῐ(ν)
optative σοφῐέοιμῐ σοφῐέοις σοφῐέοι σοφῐέοιτον σοφῐεοίτην σοφῐέοιμεν σοφῐέοιτε σοφῐέοιεν
middle indicative σοφῐέομαι σοφῐέῃ,
σοφῐέει 		σοφῐέεται σοφῐέεσθον σοφῐέεσθον σοφῐεόμεθᾰ σοφῐέεσθε σοφῐέονται
optative σοφῐεοίμην σοφῐέοιο σοφῐέοιτο σοφῐέοισθον σοφῐεοίσθην σοφῐεοίμεθᾰ σοφῐέοισθε σοφῐέοιντο
passive indicative σοφῐσθήσομαι σοφῐσθήσῃ σοφῐσθήσεται σοφῐσθήσεσθον σοφῐσθήσεσθον σοφῐσθησόμεθᾰ σοφῐσθήσεσθε σοφῐσθήσονται
optative σοφῐσθησοίμην σοφῐσθήσοιο σοφῐσθήσοιτο σοφῐσθήσοισθον σοφῐσθησοίσθην σοφῐσθησοίμεθᾰ σοφῐσθήσοισθε σοφῐσθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive σοφῐέειν σοφῐέεσθαι σοφῐσθήσεσθαι
participle m σοφῐέων σοφῐεόμενος σοφῐσθησόμενος
f σοφῐέουσᾰ σοφῐεομένη σοφῐσθησομένη
n σοφῐέον σοφῐεόμενον σοφῐσθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: σοφῐῶ, σοφῐοῦμαι, σοφῐσθήσομαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative σοφῐῶ σοφῐεῖς σοφῐεῖ σοφῐεῖτον σοφῐεῖτον σοφῐοῦμεν σοφῐεῖτε σοφῐοῦσῐ(ν)
optative σοφῐοίην,
σοφῐοῖμῐ 		σοφῐοίης,
σοφῐοῖς 		σοφῐοίη,
σοφῐοῖ 		σοφῐοῖτον,
σοφῐοίητον 		σοφῐοίτην,
σοφῐοιήτην 		σοφῐοῖμεν,
σοφῐοίημεν 		σοφῐοῖτε,
σοφῐοίητε 		σοφῐοῖεν,
σοφῐοίησᾰν
middle indicative σοφῐοῦμαι σοφῐῇ σοφῐεῖται σοφῐεῖσθον σοφῐεῖσθον σοφῐούμεθᾰ σοφῐεῖσθε σοφῐοῦνται
optative σοφῐοίμην σοφῐοῖο σοφῐοῖτο σοφῐοῖσθον σοφῐοίσθην σοφῐοίμεθᾰ σοφῐοῖσθε σοφῐοῖντο
passive indicative σοφῐσθήσομαι σοφῐσθήσῃ σοφῐσθήσεται σοφῐσθήσεσθον σοφῐσθήσεσθον σοφῐσθησόμεθᾰ σοφῐσθήσεσθε σοφῐσθήσονται
optative σοφῐσθησοίμην σοφῐσθήσοιο σοφῐσθήσοιτο σοφῐσθήσοισθον σοφῐσθησοίσθην σοφῐσθησοίμεθᾰ σοφῐσθήσοισθε σοφῐσθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive σοφῐεῖν σοφῐεῖσθαι σοφῐσθήσεσθαι
participle m σοφῐῶν σοφῐούμενος σοφῐσθησόμενος
f σοφῐοῦσᾰ σοφῐουμένη σοφῐσθησομένη
n σοφῐοῦν σοφῐούμενον σοφῐσθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐσόφῐσᾰ, ἐσοφῐσᾰ́μην, ἐσοφῐ́σθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐσόφῐσᾰ ἐσόφῐσᾰς ἐσόφῐσε(ν) ἐσοφῐ́σᾰτον ἐσοφῐσᾰ́την ἐσοφῐ́σᾰμεν ἐσοφῐ́σᾰτε ἐσόφῐσᾰν
subjunctive σοφῐ́σω σοφῐ́σῃς σοφῐ́σῃ σοφῐ́σητον σοφῐ́σητον σοφῐ́σωμεν σοφῐ́σητε σοφῐ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative σοφῐ́σαιμῐ σοφῐ́σειᾰς,
σοφῐ́σαις 		σοφῐ́σειε(ν),
σοφῐ́σαι 		σοφῐ́σαιτον σοφῐσαίτην σοφῐ́σαιμεν σοφῐ́σαιτε σοφῐ́σειᾰν,
σοφῐ́σαιεν
imperative   σόφῐσον σοφῐσᾰ́τω σοφῐ́σᾰτον σοφῐσᾰ́των   σοφῐ́σᾰτε σοφῐσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐσοφῐσᾰ́μην ἐσοφῐ́σω ἐσοφῐ́σᾰτο ἐσοφῐ́σᾰσθον ἐσοφῐσᾰ́σθην ἐσοφῐσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐσοφῐ́σᾰσθε ἐσοφῐ́σᾰντο
subjunctive σοφῐ́σωμαι σοφῐ́σῃ σοφῐ́σηται σοφῐ́σησθον σοφῐ́σησθον σοφῐσώμεθᾰ σοφῐ́σησθε σοφῐ́σωνται
optative σοφῐσαίμην σοφῐ́σαιο σοφῐ́σαιτο σοφῐ́σαισθον σοφῐσαίσθην σοφῐσαίμεθᾰ σοφῐ́σαισθε σοφῐ́σαιντο
imperative   σόφῐσαι σοφῐσᾰ́σθω σοφῐ́σᾰσθον σοφῐσᾰ́σθων   σοφῐ́σᾰσθε σοφῐσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐσοφῐ́σθην ἐσοφῐ́σθης ἐσοφῐ́σθη ἐσοφῐ́σθητον ἐσοφῐσθήτην ἐσοφῐ́σθημεν ἐσοφῐ́σθητε ἐσοφῐ́σθησᾰν
subjunctive σοφῐσθῶ σοφῐσθῇς σοφῐσθῇ σοφῐσθῆτον σοφῐσθῆτον σοφῐσθῶμεν σοφῐσθῆτε σοφῐσθῶσῐ(ν)
optative σοφῐσθείην σοφῐσθείης σοφῐσθείη σοφῐσθεῖτον,
σοφῐσθείητον 		σοφῐσθείτην,
σοφῐσθειήτην 		σοφῐσθεῖμεν,
σοφῐσθείημεν 		σοφῐσθεῖτε,
σοφῐσθείητε 		σοφῐσθεῖεν,
σοφῐσθείησᾰν
imperative   σοφῐ́σθητῐ σοφῐσθήτω σοφῐ́σθητον σοφῐσθήτων   σοφῐ́σθητε σοφῐσθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive σοφῐ́σαι σοφῐ́σᾰσθαι σοφῐσθῆναι
participle m σοφῐ́σᾱς σοφῐσᾰ́μενος σοφῐσθείς
f σοφῐ́σᾱσᾰ σοφῐσᾰμένη σοφῐσθεῖσᾰ
n σοφῐ́σᾰν σοφῐσᾰ́μενον σοφῐσθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: σεσόφῐκᾰ, σεσόφῐσμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative σεσόφῐκᾰ σεσόφῐκᾰς σεσόφῐκε(ν) σεσοφῐ́κᾰτον σεσοφῐ́κᾰτον σεσοφῐ́κᾰμεν σεσοφῐ́κᾰτε σεσοφῐ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive σεσοφῐ́κω σεσοφῐ́κῃς σεσοφῐ́κῃ σεσοφῐ́κητον σεσοφῐ́κητον σεσοφῐ́κωμεν σεσοφῐ́κητε σεσοφῐ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative σεσοφῐ́κοιμῐ,
σεσοφῐκοίην 		σεσοφῐ́κοις,
σεσοφῐκοίης 		σεσοφῐ́κοι,
σεσοφῐκοίη 		σεσοφῐ́κοιτον σεσοφῐκοίτην σεσοφῐ́κοιμεν σεσοφῐ́κοιτε σεσοφῐ́κοιεν
imperative   σεσόφῐκε σεσοφῐκέτω σεσοφῐ́κετον σεσοφῐκέτων   σεσοφῐ́κετε σεσοφῐκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative σεσόφῐσμαι σεσόφῐσαι σεσόφῐσται σεσόφῐσθον σεσόφῐσθον σεσοφῐ́σμεθᾰ σεσόφῐσθε σεσοφῐ́σᾰται
subjunctive σεσοφῐσμένος ὦ σεσοφῐσμένος ᾖς σεσοφῐσμένος ᾖ σεσοφῐσμένω ἦτον σεσοφῐσμένω ἦτον σεσοφῐσμένοι ὦμεν σεσοφῐσμένοι ἦτε σεσοφῐσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative σεσοφῐσμένος εἴην σεσοφῐσμένος εἴης σεσοφῐσμένος εἴη σεσοφῐσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον σεσοφῐσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην σεσοφῐσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν σεσοφῐσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε σεσοφῐσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   σεσόφῐσο σεσοφῐ́σθω σεσόφῐσθον σεσοφῐ́σθων   σεσόφῐσθε σεσοφῐ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive σεσοφῐκέναι σεσοφῐ́σθαι
participle m σεσοφῐκώς σεσοφῐσμένος
f σεσοφῐκυῖᾰ σεσοφῐσμένη
n σεσοφῐκός σεσοφῐσμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐσεσοφῐ́κειν, ἐσεσοφῐ́σμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐσεσοφῐ́κειν,
ἐσεσοφῐ́κη 		ἐσεσοφῐ́κεις,
ἐσεσοφῐ́κης 		ἐσεσοφῐ́κει(ν) ἐσεσοφῐ́κετον ἐσεσοφῐκέτην ἐσεσοφῐ́κεμεν ἐσεσοφῐ́κετε ἐσεσοφῐ́κεσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐσεσοφῐ́σμην ἐσεσόφῐσο ἐσεσόφῐστο ἐσεσόφῐσθον ἐσεσοφῐ́σθην ἐσεσοφῐ́σμεθᾰ ἐσεσόφῐσθε ἐσεσοφῐ́σᾰτο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

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