φάλαγξ
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Traditionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”), with cognates such as Latin sufflāmen and Old High German balcho, but regular derivation of φᾰ́λᾰγγ- from this root is phonetically impossible, and the suffix is prototypical of Pre-Greek.[1] Possibly related to φάλκης (phálkēs) via the same substrate source.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰá.laŋks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰa.laŋks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸa.laŋks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfa.laŋks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfa.laŋks/
Noun
φᾰ́λᾰγξ • (phálanx) f (genitive φᾰ́λᾰγγος); third declension
- line of battle, battle-array
- (in the plural) ranks of an army
- phalanx, a clustered mass of infantry
- main body, center (as opposed to the periphery)
- round piece of wood, trunk, log
- (in the plural) rollers for moving heavy loads
- beam of a balance or steelyard
- bone between two joints of a finger or toe
- row of eyelashes
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ φᾰ́λᾰγξ hē phálanx |
τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε tṑ phálange |
αἱ φᾰ́λᾰγγες hai phálanges | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς φᾰ́λᾰγγος tês phálangos |
τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν toîn phalángoin |
τῶν φᾰλᾰ́γγων tôn phalángōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ φᾰ́λᾰγγῐ têi phálangi |
τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν toîn phalángoin |
ταῖς φᾰ́λᾰγξῐ / φᾰ́λᾰγξῐν taîs phálanxi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰ tḕn phálanga |
τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε tṑ phálange |
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰς tā̀s phálangas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | φᾰ́λᾰγξ phálanx |
φᾰ́λᾰγγε phálange |
φᾰ́λᾰγγες phálanges | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- φαλαγγάρχης (phalangárkhēs)
- φαλαγγαρχία (phalangarkhía)
- φαλαγγηδόν (phalangēdón)
- φαλάγγιον (phalángion)
- φαλαγγίτης (phalangítēs)
- φαλαγγομαχέω (phalangomakhéō)
- φαλαγγομάχης (phalangomákhēs)
- φαλαγγόω (phalangóō)
- φαλάγγωμα (phalángōma)
- φαλάγγωσις (phalángōsis)
- φαλαγκτήριον (phalanktḗrion)
Descendants
- Greek: φάλαγγα f (fálanga)
- → Classical Syriac: ܦܠܓܐ (plaggā)
- → Latin: phalanx (see there for further descendants)
- → Latin: phalanga (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang), փալանգ (pʻalang)
- → Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻaġang)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φάλαγξ, -αγγος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1548–1549
Further reading
- “φάλαγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φάλαγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φάλαγξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φάλαγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φάλαγξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.