φάλαγξ

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Ancient Greek

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Etymology

Traditionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (beam, plank), with cognates such as Latin sufflāmen and Old High German balcho, but regular derivation of φᾰ́λᾰγγ- from this root is phonetically impossible, and the suffix is prototypical of Pre-Greek.[1] Possibly related to φάλκης (phálkēs) via the same substrate source.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

φᾰ́λᾰγξ (phálanxf (genitive φᾰ́λᾰγγος); third declension

  1. line of battle, battle-array
  2. (in the plural) ranks of an army
  3. phalanx, a clustered mass of infantry
  4. main body, center (as opposed to the periphery)
  5. round piece of wood, trunk, log
  6. (in the plural) rollers for moving heavy loads
  7. beam of a balance or steelyard
  8. bone between two joints of a finger or toe
  9. row of eyelashes

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: φάλαγγα f (fálanga)
  • Classical Syriac: ܦܠܓܐ (plaggā)
  • Latin: phalanx (see there for further descendants)
  • Latin: phalanga (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang), փալանգ (pʻalang)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φάλαγξ, -αγγος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1548–1549

Further reading

  • φάλαγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • φάλαγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • φάλαγξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • φάλαγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • φάλαγξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.