φύσις
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
From φῠ́ω (phúō, “grow”) + -σῐς (-sis). Compare Proto-Slavic *bytь (“essence; culture”) and Sanskrit भूति (bhūti, “existence, being; form; might, power, prosperity; fortune”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰý.sis/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰy.sis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸy.sis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfy.sis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfi.sis/
Audio (Classical Attic): (file)
Noun
φῠ́σῐς • (phúsis) f (genitive φῠ́σεως); third declension
- origin, birth
- nature, quality, property
- later, the nature of one's personality: temper, disposition
- form, shape
- that which is natural: nature
- type, kind
- Nature, as an entity, especially of productive power
- creature
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ φῠ́σῐς hē phúsis |
τὼ φῠ́σει tṑ phúsei |
αἱ φῠ́σεις hai phúseis | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς φῠ́σεως tês phúseōs |
τοῖν φῠσέοιν toîn phuséoin |
τῶν φῠ́σεων tôn phúseōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ φῠ́σει têi phúsei |
τοῖν φῠσέοιν toîn phuséoin |
ταῖς φῠ́σεσῐ / φῠ́σεσῐν taîs phúsesi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν φῠ́σῐν tḕn phúsin |
τὼ φῠ́σει tṑ phúsei |
τᾱ̀ς φῠ́σεις tā̀s phúseis | ||||||||||
| Vocative | φῠ́σῐ phúsi |
φῠ́σει phúsei |
φῠ́σεις phúseis | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- φυσικός (phusikós)
With prefixes
- ἀνάφυσις (anáphusis)
- ἀπόφυσις (apóphusis)
- αὐτόφυσις (autóphusis)
- διάφυσις (diáphusis)
- ἔκφυσις (ékphusis)
- ἔμφυσις (émphusis)
- ἐπίφυσις (epíphusis)
- κατάφυσις (katáphusis)
- παράφυσις (paráphusis)
- παρέμφυσις (parémphusis)
- περίφυσις (períphusis)
- πρόσφυσις (prósphusis)
- πρόφυσις (próphusis)
- σύμφυσις (súmphusis)
- ὑπόφυσις (hupóphusis)
Descendants
- Greek: φύση (fýsi)
- →? Albanian: fis
- → Coptic: ⲫⲩⲥⲓⲥ (phusis)
- → English: physis
- → Portuguese: physis
- → Italian: fisica
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φύομαι (> DER > 4. φύσις)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1597-8
Further reading
- “φύσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φύσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φύσις”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φύσις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φύσις in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φύσις”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5449 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- appearance idem, page 35.
- character idem, page 125.
- constitution idem, page 164.
- disposition idem, page 237.
- form idem, page 338.
- formation idem, page 339.
- genius idem, page 357.
- inclination idem, page 428.
- instinct idem, page 446.
- intuition idem, page 456.
- kind idem, page 469.
- nature idem, page 552.
- shape idem, page 762.
- sort idem, page 795.
- temper idem, page 859.
- temperament idem, page 860.