χάρτης
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
According to Strong's Biblical Concordance, from χαράσσω (kharássō, “I scratch, inscribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to scratch”) (compare Lithuanian žerti (“to scrape”)). Modern scholarship rejects this (Beekes,[1] Chantraine[2]) and considers the etymology unknown. An Egyptian derivation was supposed, without any convincing etymon found, because of the Egyptian origin of papyrus. Consistent with the Phoenician influence on Greece in the field of writing (the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet), it has been suggested[3] that χάρτης could derive from the Phoenician word 𐤇𐤓𐤈𐤉𐤕 (ḥrṭyt), interpreted as "something written", cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶט (ḫereṭ, “stylus; style of writing”).[4][5]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰár.tɛːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰar.te̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxar.tis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxar.tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxar.tis/
Noun
χᾰ́ρτης • (khártēs) m (genitive χᾰ́ρτου); first declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ χᾰ́ρτης ho khártēs |
τὼ χᾰ́ρτᾱ tṑ khártā |
οἱ χᾰ́ρται hoi khártai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ χᾰ́ρτου toû khártou |
τοῖν χᾰ́ρταιν toîn khártain |
τῶν χᾰρτῶν tôn khartôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ χᾰ́ρτῃ tôi khártēi |
τοῖν χᾰ́ρταιν toîn khártain |
τοῖς χᾰ́ρταις toîs khártais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν χᾰ́ρτην tòn khártēn |
τὼ χᾰ́ρτᾱ tṑ khártā |
τοὺς χᾰ́ρτᾱς toùs khártās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | χᾰ́ρτᾰ khárta |
χᾰ́ρτᾱ khártā |
χᾰ́ρται khártai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Greek: χάρτης (chártis)
- → Romanian: hartă
- → Aramaic:
- Syriac script: ܟܼܲܪܛܝܼܣܵܐ (ḵarṭīsā), ܟܪܛܐܣܐ
- Hebrew script: כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā), קַרְטִיסָא (qarṭīsā), קַרְטָאסָא (qarṭāsā),
- → Bulgarian: хартия (hartija)
- → Hebrew: כַּרְטִיס (kartís)
- → Latin: charta (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: քարտ (kʻart), քարտէզ (kʻartēz), քարտէն (kʻartēn), քարտէս (kʻartēs)
- → Russian: хартия (xartija)
- ⇒ Koine Greek: χαρτίον (khartíon)
- Greek: χαρτί (chartí) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χάρτης”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1615-6
- ^ Dictionnaire Etymologique De La Langue Grecque, Pierre Chantraine, 2009, page 1249
- ^ Gary A. Rendsburg, The Etymology of χάρτης 'Papyrus Roll', Scripta Classica Israelica, vol. XXXVI 2017, pp. 149-169. https://jewishstudies.rutgers.edu/docman/rendsburg/660-sci-etymology-of-chartes/file
- ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20210126085853/https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?t=kjv&strongs=h2747
- ^ https://biblehub.com/hebrew/2747.htm Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon]
Further reading
- “χάρτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χάρτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χάρτης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G5489 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
Etymology
Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (“a papyrus scroll”), semantic loan from Italian carta or from English chart, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).[1] Doublet of κάρτα (kárta, “card”).
Pronunciation
Noun
χάρτης • (chártis) m (plural χάρτες)
- (navigation) map, chart
- charter, project charter, constitution
- καταστατικός χάρτης ― katastatikós chártis ― charter
- (dated) synonym of χαρτί n (chartí, “paper”) in the set phrase
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | χάρτης (chártis) | χάρτες (chártes) |
| genitive | χάρτη (chárti) | χαρτών (chartón) |
| accusative | χάρτη (chárti) | χάρτες (chártes) |
| vocative | χάρτη (chárti) | χάρτες (chártes) |
Formal dated genitive singular: χάρτου
Derived terms
- άσκηση επί χάρτου (áskisi epí chártou)
- ο Χάρτης του ΟΗΕ (o Chártis tou OIE, “Charter of the United Nations”)
Related terms
- χαρτο-, χαρτό-, χαρτ-
- χάρτα f (chárta, “chart”) (dated, formal)
- χαρτί n (chartí, “paper”) and derivatives
Related to maps:
- αχαρτογράφητος (achartográfitos, “uncharted”)
- χαρτογράφηση f (chartográfisi, “mapping, making a map”)
- χαρτογραφία f (chartografía, “cartography”)
- χαρτογραφικός (chartografikós, adjective)
- χαρτογράφος m or f (chartográfos, “cartographer”)
- χαρτογραφώ (chartografó, “to map”)
Descendants
- → Romanian: hartă
References
- ^ χάρτης, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Further reading
χάρτης on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
