хаан
Buryat
| Alternative scripts | |
|---|---|
| Classical Mongolian | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ qaɣan |
| Latin (1931–1936)a | kaan |
| Latin (1937–1939)b |
xaan |
| Cyrillic | хаан xaan |
| a Based on the southern Tsongol–Sartul dialect. b Based on the eastern Khori dialect. | |
Noun
хаан • (xaan)
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Mongolian
| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
|---|---|
| ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan) | хаан (xaan) |
Etymology
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan), from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan). Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan), the title of Bumïn Qaγan, founder of the Turkic Khaganate who reigned in 551–552 CE. Clauson considers it to be a Turkic loanword; yet the reverse (Mongolic into Turkic) is equally as likely, as Turks themselves borrowed the title from Rourans. As early as 3rd century CE general Yinalou, of Mongolic-speaking Xianbei ethnicity, had been recorded addressing chief Murong Tuyuhun as 可寒 (*qaɣan) (Early Middle Chinese 可寒 (khaX han)), the earliest attested form of this title, before 可汗 (kèhán).
According to Pulleyblank, the Xiongnu royal title 護于 (OC *ɢʷraːɡs ɢʷa) mentioned in the 1st century BCE is an earlier Chinese transcription of the same word. Vovin (2007) accepts the Xiongnu provenance, proposing that both 護于 (OC *ɦwaʔ-ɦwaʰ) and 單于 (OC dar-ɦʷa) stemmed from a Xiongnu root *qa- / *ɢa- "great, ruler", which in turn is related to Proto-Yeniseian *qeʔ (“big”) (Werner 2002.2:58) and *qʌ:j / *χʌ:j (“ruler, prince”) (Vovin's).
Pronunciation
- (Mongolia Khalkh) IPA(key):
- (Khotgoid)
- (Darkhad)
- Hyphenation: хаан
Noun
хаан • (xaan)
Declension
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Related terms
- ханлиг (xanlig)
Adjective
хаан • (xaan)
- (attributive) khan; imperial
See also
- хан (xan)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xağan:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 611
- ^ Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 184-185
- ^ Songshu. vol. 96
- ^ Schuessler, A. 2007. Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. p. 275, 271)
- ^ Zhou, Weizhou A History of Tuyuhun. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press. →ISBN, pp. 3-6
- ^ Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 180-185
Yakut
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kiān, compare Dolgan каан.
Noun
хаан • (qaan)
Derived terms
- киҥ-хаан (kiñ-qaan, “anger, rage”)
- хаан кыһыл (qaan kıhıl, “blood red”)
- хааннаа (qaannaa, “to bleed, to bloodlet”) (transitive)
- хааннан (qaannan, “to bleed”) (intransitive)
- хааннаах (qaannaaq, “bloody”)