חרש

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Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
ח־ר־שׁ (kh-r-sh)

From the root ח־ר־שׁ (ḥ-r-sh), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ḥaraθ-. Compare Arabic حَرَثَ (ḥaraṯa, “to plow, to farm”).

Verb

חָרַשׁ • (kharásh) (pa'al construction)

  1. To plow, plough:
    עבד את האדמה במחרשה.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • Tanach, Deuteronomy 22:10:
      לֹא תַחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וּבַחֲמֹר יַחְדָּו
      lo takhrósh b'shór uvakhamór yakhdáv
      Thou shalt not plough with an ox and with a donkey at once.
    • Tanach, 1 Kings 19:19:
      וַיֵּלֶךְ מִשָּׁם וַיִּמְצָא אֶת אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן שָׁפָט וְהוּא חֹרֵשׁ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר צְמָדִים לְפָנָיו וְהוּא בִּשְׁנֵים הֶעָשָׂר
      He went from there and he found Elisha, the son of Shaphat, while he was ploughing with twelve spans of oxen in front of him and he was with the twelfth.
  2. To devise, forge: to plan evil
    • Tanach, Proverbs 3:29:
      אַל־תַּחֲרֹשׁ עַל־רֵעֲךָ רָעָה וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח אִתָּךְ
      Do not plan evil against your neighbor, who dwells trustingly beside you.
  3. To travel a place or a land in it's whole, entirety or almost that.
    לקראת הבחירות לנשיאות חרש ג'ורג' בוש את ארצות הברית לאורכה ולרוחבה.
    In preparation for the presidential elections George Bush traveled the whole United States throughout.
  4. (slang) To study thoroughly.
    לפני הבחינה חרשתי על החומר.
    (Literally) Before the exam I ploughed on material. (Idiomatically) Before the exam I studied thoroughly the material.
    תראה את החרשן הזה, כבר שבוע חורש למבחן בספרות.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. (archaic) To forge: to process metal, wood or stone.
    • Tanach, Genesis 4:22, with translation of the New International Version:
      וְצִלָּה גַם הִוא יָלְדָה אֶת תּוּבַל קַיִן לֹטֵשׁ כָּל חֹרֵשׁ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל […]
      Zillah also had a son, Tubal-Cain, who forged all kinds of tools out of bronze and iron.
Conjugation
Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּי חָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּ חָרַשְׁתְּ חֲרַשְׁתֶּם1 חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁ חָרְשָׁה חָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁ חוֹרֶשֶׁת חוֹרְשִׁים חוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אחרוש / אֶחֱרֹשׁ נחרוש / נַחֲרֹשׁ
second תחרוש / תַּחֲרֹשׁ תַּחַרְשִׁי תַּחַרְשׁוּ תחרושנה / תַּחֲרֹשְׁנָה2
third יחרוש / יַחֲרֹשׁ תחרוש / תַּחֲרֹשׁ יַחַרְשׁוּ תחרושנה / תַּחֲרֹשְׁנָה2
imperative חרוש / חֲרֹשׁ חִרְשִׁי חִרְשׁוּ חרושנה / חֲרֹשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

or

Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּי חָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּ חָרַשְׁתְּ חֲרַשְׁתֶּם1 חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁ חָרְשָׁה חָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁ חוֹרֶשֶׁת חוֹרְשִׁים חוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אחרוש / אֶחְרֹשׁ נחרוש / נַחְרֹשׁ
second תחרוש / תַּחְרֹשׁ תַּחְרְשִׁי תַּחְרְשׁוּ תחרושנה / תַּחְרֹשְׁנָה2
third יחרוש / יַחְרֹשׁ תחרוש / תַּחְרֹשׁ יַחְרְשׁוּ תחרושנה / תַּחְרֹשְׁנָה2
imperative חרוש / חֲרֹשׁ חִרְשִׁי חִרְשׁוּ חרושנה / חֲרֹשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.
Synonyms
Derived terms
See also

Noun

חָרָשׁ • (kharásh) m (plural indefinite חָרָשִׁים, singular construct חָרַשׁ־, feminine counterpart חָרָשִׁית)

  1. A craftsman.
    • Tanach, 2 Kings 24:16, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וְאֵת כָּל-אַנְשֵׁי הַחַיִל שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וְהֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר אֶלֶף
      vəet kol-anšḗ haḥáyil šiv'át alafím vəheḥaráš vəhammasgér élef
      And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and the craftsmen and the smiths a thousand
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

From the root ח־ר־שׁ (ḥ-r-sh). Cognate with Arabic خَرِسَ (ḵarisa).

Verb

חָרַשׁ • (kharásh) (pa'al construction)

  1. Not to hear.
    • Tanach, Micah 7:16:
      […] יָשִׂימוּ יָד עַל־פֶּה אָזְנֵיהֶם תֶּחֱרַֽשְׁנָה׃
      They will put their hands over their mouths and their ears will become deaf.
    • Tanach, Psalms 39:13:
      […] שִׁמְעָה תְפִלָּתִי ה' וְשַׁוְעָתִי הַאֲזִינָה אֶל דִּמְעָתִי אַל תֶּחֱרַשׁ
      Hear my prayer, Lord, listen to my cry for help; do not be deaf to my weeping.
  2. To be silent, not to speak, not to respond.
    • Tanach, Psalms 83:2:
      אֱלֹהִים אַל־דֳּמִי־לָךְ אַל־תֶּחֱרַשׁ וְאַל־תִּשְׁקֹט אֵֽל׃
      O God, do not remain silent; do not turn a deaf ear, do not stand aloof, O God.
Conjugation
Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּי חָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּ חָרַשְׁתְּ חֲרַשְׁתֶּם1 חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁ חָרְשָׁה חָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁ חוֹרֶשֶׁת חוֹרְשִׁים חוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אֶחֱרַשׁ נֶחֱרַשׁ
second תֶּחֱרַשׁ תֶּחֶרְשִׁי תֶּחֶרְשׁוּ תֶּחֱרַשְׁנָה2
third יֶחֱרַשׁ תֶּחֱרַשׁ יֶחֶרְשׁוּ תֶּחֱרַשְׁנָה2
imperative חֲרַשׁ חִרְשִׁי חִרְשׁוּ חֲרַשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

or

Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּי חָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּ חָרַשְׁתְּ חֲרַשְׁתֶּם1 חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁ חָרְשָׁה חָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁ חוֹרֶשֶׁת חוֹרְשִׁים חוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אֶחְרַשׁ נֶחְרַשׁ
second תֶּחְרַשׁ תֶּחְרְשִׁי תֶּחְרְשׁוּ תֶּחְרַשְׁנָה2
third יֶחְרַשׁ תֶּחְרַשׁ יֶחְרְשׁוּ תֶּחְרַשְׁנָה2
imperative חֲרַשׁ חִרְשִׁי חִרְשׁוּ חֲרַשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.
Antonyms
See also

Noun

חֵרֵשׁ • (kherésh) m

  1. defective spelling of חירש: A (male) deaf person, a non-hearing person.

Adjective

חֵרֵשׁ • (kherésh)

  1. defective spelling of חירש

Noun

חֶרֶשׁ • (khéresh) m (plural indefinite חֲרָשִׁים, singular construct חֶרֶשׁ־, plural construct חַרְשֵׁי־)

  1. surreptitiously
    • Tanach, Isaiah 3:3:
      שַׂר חֲמִשִּׁים וּנְשׂוּא פָנִים וְיוֹעֵץ וַחֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים וּנְבוֹן לָחַשׁ
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Adverb

חֶרֶשׁ • (khéresh)

  1. surreptitiously, silently, with out making noise, in secret
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 3

See etymology at חורש.

Noun

חוֹרֶשׁ / חֹרֶשׁ • (khóresh) m (plural indefinite חֳרָשִׁים)

  1. defective spelling of חוֹרֶשׁ: a grove, a wood, a thicket: an area with many trees.
Synonyms
See also

Etymology 4

(See definition.)

Noun

חֶרֶשׂ • (khéres) m

  1. (biblical) Alternative spelling of חֶרֶס (“clay, ceramics, earthenware”).

Anagrams

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