עצם

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Hebrew

Etymology

Root
ע־צ־ם (ʿ-ts-m)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m-. Cognate with Arabic عظم and Aramaic עטמא.

Pronunciation

Noun

עֶצֶם • (étsem) m (plural indefinite עֲצָמוֹת, plural construct עַצְמוֹת־)

  1. bone

Derived terms

Noun

עֶצֶם • (étsem) m (plural indefinite עֲצָמִים)

  1. a thing, object
  2. gist, essence
    זהו עצם העניין.
    zéhu étsem ha'inyán.
    That is the essence of the thing.
  3. exact
    וְהֵם חָיוּ בְּאוֹשֶׁר וְעוֹשֶׁר עָד עֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה
    v'hém khayú b'ósher v'ósher ad étsem hayóm hazé.
    And they lived happily ever after.
  4. (with possessive suffix) self
    ראיתי את עצמי בראי.
    raíti et atsmí bar'í.
    I saw myself in the mirror.
    • 2013, נתן גושן, ליבי:
      ,הנה אני לא דומה לעצמי לא דומה גם למה שהייתי
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  5. (philosophy) substance

Declension

Derived terms

Verb

עָצַם • (atsám) (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נֶעֱצַם)

  1. to close (one's eyes)
    • אפרת גוש, לראות את האור
      עצמתי עיני אטמתי ליבי

Conjugation

Conjugation of עָצַם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first עָצַמְתִּי עָצַמְנוּ
second עָצַמְתָּ עָצַמְתְּ עֲצַמְתֶּם1 עֲצַמְתֶּן1
third עָצַם עָצְמָה עָצְמוּ
present עוֹצֵם עוֹצֶמֶת עוֹצְמִים עוֹצְמוֹת
future first אעצום / אֶעֱצֹם נעצום / נַעֲצֹם
second תעצום / תַּעֲצֹם תַּעַצְמִי תַּעַצְמוּ תעצומנה / תַּעֲצֹמְנָה2
third יעצום / יַעֲצֹם תעצום / תַּעֲצֹם יַעַצְמוּ תעצומנה / תַּעֲצֹמְנָה2
imperative עצום / עֲצֹם עִצְמִי עִצְמוּ עצומנה / עֲצֹמְנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced עָצַמְתֶּם and עָצַמְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Verb

עָצַם • (atsám) (pa'al construction)

  1. (literary) to become mighty

Conjugation

Conjugation of עָצַם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first עָצַמְתִּי עָצַמְנוּ
second עָצַמְתָּ עָצַמְתְּ עֲצַמְתֶּם1 עֲצַמְתֶּן1
third עָצַם עָצְמָה עָצְמוּ
present עוֹצֵם עוֹצֶמֶת עוֹצְמִים עוֹצְמוֹת
future first אֶעֱצַם נֶעֱצַם
second תֶּעֱצַם תֶּעֶצְמִי תֶּעֶצְמוּ תֶּעֱצַמְנָה2
third יֶעֱצַם תֶּעֱצַם יֶעֶצְמוּ תֶּעֱצַמְנָה2
imperative עֲצַם עִצְמִי עִצְמוּ עֲצַמְנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced עָצַמְתֶּם and עָצַמְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

Further reading

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew עצם.

Adjective

עצם • (etsem)

  1. in itself, as such

Adverb

עצם • (etsem)

  1. in itself, as such

Noun

עצם • (etsem) m

  1. gist, essence
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