استاد

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See also: إستاد and أستاذ

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /⁠awestād⁠/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /⁠avāstāyam⁠/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) +‎ *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? ustāḏ
Dari reading? ustād
Iranian reading? ostâd
Tajik reading? ustod
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Adjective

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))

  1. skilled, expert

Noun

Dari استاد
Iranian Persian
Tajik устод

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))

  1. master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
    1. ustad
  2. (archaic) tutor
  3. a senior craftsman
  4. expert
  5. professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 358-61

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اُسْتَاد (ustād). Doublet of اُسْتاذ (ustāz).

Pronunciation

Noun

اُسْتاد • (ustād) m (formal plural اَساتِذَہ (asātiza), Hindi spelling उस्ताद)

  1. professor; teacher, tutor
  2. expert, master
  3. (religion) spiritual leader
  4. An honorific title used for a great musician of Hindustani classical music

Declension

    Declension of استاد
singular plural
direct اُسْتاد (ustād) اُسْتاد (ustād)
oblique اُسْتاد (ustād) اُسْتادوں (ustādõ)
vocative اُسْتاد (ustād) اُسْتادو (ustādo)

Descendants

Further reading

  • Platts, John T. (1884) “استاد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 47
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “استاد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 50
  • “استاد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • John Shakespear (1834) “استاد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
  • “استاد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
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