حريف

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Arabic

Etymology 1

From حَرْف (ḥarf, sharp edge) from the root ح ر ف (ḥ r f), or probably from Aramaic חריף / ܚܪܝܦ (ḥarrīp̄) found in broader meaning, also literally “sharp”, of smell, high-pitched voices, “current” in application to a silver coin etc., from the cognate root ח־ר־ף / ܚ ܪ ܦ related to sharpness, probably related to Proto-Semitic *x̣arb- (sharp blade) whence Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, war), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, spear), and also conceivable in the source of Aramaic-borrowed حُرْف (ḥurf, cress), since cress is described as of mustard- to radish-like, slightly pungent to peppery taste and smell.

Compare also Hebrew חריף (kharíf, spicy, sharp).

Adjective

حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)

  1. pungent, acrid (taste)
    • 850–861, علي بن سهل ربن الطبري , edited by Oliver Kahl, ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī’s Health Regimen or “Book of the Pearl” كتاب اللؤلؤة (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 115), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →ISBN, § 80–81, page 102:
      إن من أراد الصحة فينبغي أن يقوم من نومه في السُبْع الأخير من الليل وليسبغ وُضُوءَه ويلبس أنظف ثيابه ويبدأ بحمد الله والتضرع إليه في حاجاته. ويستاك من أشجار مُرّة أو حِرِّيفة.
      He who desires to stay healthy should rise from sleep in the last seventh of the night, expand into a proper ablution, put on his tidiest garment, and begin by praising God and imploring him to provide help when needs befall. He cleans his teeth with a twig from bitter or pungent trees.
Declension
Declension of adjective حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)
singular masculine feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal حِرِّيف
ḥirrīf
الْحِرِّيف
al-ḥirrīf
حِرِّيفَة
ḥirrīfa
الْحِرِّيفَة
al-ḥirrīfa
nominative حِرِّيفٌ
ḥirrīfun
الْحِرِّيفُ
al-ḥirrīfu
حِرِّيفَةٌ
ḥirrīfatun
الْحِرِّيفَةُ
al-ḥirrīfatu
accusative حِرِّيفًا
ḥirrīfan
الْحِرِّيفَ
al-ḥirrīfa
حِرِّيفَةً
ḥirrīfatan
الْحِرِّيفَةَ
al-ḥirrīfata
genitive حِرِّيفٍ
ḥirrīfin
الْحِرِّيفِ
al-ḥirrīfi
حِرِّيفَةٍ
ḥirrīfatin
الْحِرِّيفَةِ
al-ḥirrīfati
dual masculine feminine
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal حِرِّيفَيْن
ḥirrīfayn
الْحِرِّيفَيْن
al-ḥirrīfayn
حِرِّيفَتَيْن
ḥirrīfatayn
الْحِرِّيفَتَيْن
al-ḥirrīfatayn
nominative حِرِّيفَانِ
ḥirrīfāni
الْحِرِّيفَانِ
al-ḥirrīfāni
حِرِّيفَتَانِ
ḥirrīfatāni
الْحِرِّيفَتَانِ
al-ḥirrīfatāni
accusative حِرِّيفَيْنِ
ḥirrīfayni
الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ
al-ḥirrīfayni
حِرِّيفَتَيْنِ
ḥirrīfatayni
الْحِرِّيفَتَيْنِ
al-ḥirrīfatayni
genitive حِرِّيفَيْنِ
ḥirrīfayni
الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ
al-ḥirrīfayni
حِرِّيفَتَيْنِ
ḥirrīfatayni
الْحِرِّيفَتَيْنِ
al-ḥirrīfatayni
plural masculine feminine
sound masculine plural sound feminine plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal حِرِّيفِين
ḥirrīfīn
الْحِرِّيفِين
al-ḥirrīfīn
حِرِّيفَات
ḥirrīfāt
الْحِرِّيفَات
al-ḥirrīfāt
nominative حِرِّيفُونَ
ḥirrīfūna
الْحِرِّيفُونَ
al-ḥirrīfūna
حِرِّيفَاتٌ
ḥirrīfātun
الْحِرِّيفَاتُ
al-ḥirrīfātu
accusative حِرِّيفِينَ
ḥirrīfīna
الْحِرِّيفِينَ
al-ḥirrīfīna
حِرِّيفَاتٍ
ḥirrīfātin
الْحِرِّيفَاتِ
al-ḥirrīfāti
genitive حِرِّيفِينَ
ḥirrīfīna
الْحِرِّيفِينَ
al-ḥirrīfīna
حِرِّيفَاتٍ
ḥirrīfātin
الْحِرِّيفَاتِ
al-ḥirrīfāti

Noun

حِرِّيف (ḥirrīfm (plural حِرِّيفَات (ḥirrīfāt))

  1. (usually in the plural) spicy food, delicacies
Declension
Declension of noun حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal حِرِّيف
ḥirrīf
الْحِرِّيف
al-ḥirrīf
حِرِّيف
ḥirrīf
nominative حِرِّيفٌ
ḥirrīfun
الْحِرِّيفُ
al-ḥirrīfu
حِرِّيفُ
ḥirrīfu
accusative حِرِّيفًا
ḥirrīfan
الْحِرِّيفَ
al-ḥirrīfa
حِرِّيفَ
ḥirrīfa
genitive حِرِّيفٍ
ḥirrīfin
الْحِرِّيفِ
al-ḥirrīfi
حِرِّيفِ
ḥirrīfi
dual indefinite definite construct
informal حِرِّيفَيْن
ḥirrīfayn
الْحِرِّيفَيْن
al-ḥirrīfayn
حِرِّيفَيْ
ḥirrīfay
nominative حِرِّيفَانِ
ḥirrīfāni
الْحِرِّيفَانِ
al-ḥirrīfāni
حِرِّيفَا
ḥirrīfā
accusative حِرِّيفَيْنِ
ḥirrīfayni
الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ
al-ḥirrīfayni
حِرِّيفَيْ
ḥirrīfay
genitive حِرِّيفَيْنِ
ḥirrīfayni
الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ
al-ḥirrīfayni
حِرِّيفَيْ
ḥirrīfay
plural sound feminine plural
indefinite definite construct
informal حِرِّيفَات
ḥirrīfāt
الْحِرِّيفَات
al-ḥirrīfāt
حِرِّيفَات
ḥirrīfāt
nominative حِرِّيفَاتٌ
ḥirrīfātun
الْحِرِّيفَاتُ
al-ḥirrīfātu
حِرِّيفَاتُ
ḥirrīfātu
accusative حِرِّيفَاتٍ
ḥirrīfātin
الْحِرِّيفَاتِ
al-ḥirrīfāti
حِرِّيفَاتِ
ḥirrīfāti
genitive حِرِّيفَاتٍ
ḥirrīfātin
الْحِرِّيفَاتِ
al-ḥirrīfāti
حِرِّيفَاتِ
ḥirrīfāti

Etymology 2

Root
ح ر ف (ḥ r f)
13 terms

Compare اِحْتَرَفَ (iḥtarafa, to do professionally).

Noun

حَرِيف (ḥarīfm (plural حُرَفَاء (ḥurafāʔ))

  1. (Tunisia, Morocco) customer, patron, client
    Synonym: زَبُون (zabūn)
Declension
Declension of noun حَرِيف (ḥarīf)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal حَرِيف
ḥarīf
الْحَرِيف
al-ḥarīf
حَرِيف
ḥarīf
nominative حَرِيفٌ
ḥarīfun
الْحَرِيفُ
al-ḥarīfu
حَرِيفُ
ḥarīfu
accusative حَرِيفًا
ḥarīfan
الْحَرِيفَ
al-ḥarīfa
حَرِيفَ
ḥarīfa
genitive حَرِيفٍ
ḥarīfin
الْحَرِيفِ
al-ḥarīfi
حَرِيفِ
ḥarīfi
dual indefinite definite construct
informal حَرِيفَيْن
ḥarīfayn
الْحَرِيفَيْن
al-ḥarīfayn
حَرِيفَيْ
ḥarīfay
nominative حَرِيفَانِ
ḥarīfāni
الْحَرِيفَانِ
al-ḥarīfāni
حَرِيفَا
ḥarīfā
accusative حَرِيفَيْنِ
ḥarīfayni
الْحَرِيفَيْنِ
al-ḥarīfayni
حَرِيفَيْ
ḥarīfay
genitive حَرِيفَيْنِ
ḥarīfayni
الْحَرِيفَيْنِ
al-ḥarīfayni
حَرِيفَيْ
ḥarīfay
plural basic broken plural diptote
indefinite definite construct
informal حُرَفَاء
ḥurafāʔ
الْحُرَفَاء
al-ḥurafāʔ
حُرَفَاء
ḥurafāʔ
nominative حُرَفَاءُ
ḥurafāʔu
الْحُرَفَاءُ
al-ḥurafāʔu
حُرَفَاءُ
ḥurafāʔu
accusative حُرَفَاءَ
ḥurafāʔa
الْحُرَفَاءَ
al-ḥurafāʔa
حُرَفَاءَ
ḥurafāʔa
genitive حُرَفَاءَ
ḥurafāʔa
الْحُرَفَاءِ
al-ḥurafāʔi
حُرَفَاءِ
ḥurafāʔi
Descendants
  • Karakhanid: حريف
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: حریف (ḥärīf)
  • Persian: حریف (harif)