خ م ر

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See also: خمر, حمر, جمر, ح م ر, and ج م ر

Arabic

Etymology

Note that the meanings related to fermentation have been deemed to descend from Aramaic derivations of the root ח־מ־ר / ܚ-ܡ-ܪ (ḥ-m-r). Compare also ح م ض (ḥ-m-ḍ) “sour”, cognate to Hebrew ח־מ־ץ (ḥ-m-ṣ, “sour”) and to Aramaic ח־מ־ע / ܚ-ܡ-ܥ (ḥ-m-ʿ) which is also used for fermentation.

Root

خ م ر • (ḵ-m-r)

  1. Related to covering
  2. Related to rising (of dough) or fermentation

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “ḥmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “ḥmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “خ م ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 403–404
  • Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 43
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 158 seqq.
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 160–161
  • Freytag, Georg (1830) “خ م ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 523–525
  • Jacob, Georg (1897) Altarabisches Beduinenleben nach den Quellen geschildert‎ (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Mayer & Müller, page 99
  • Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 125–126
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “خ م ر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 630–632
  • Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 418
  • Lagarde, Paul de (1889) Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; 35)‎ (in German), Göttingen: Dieterichsche Verlags-Buchhandlung, page 207
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “خ م ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 807–810
  • Richter, Paul, Arzt für Hautkrankheiten in Berlin (1913) “Beiträge zur Geschichte der alkoholhaltigen Getränke bei den orientalischen Völkern und des Alkohols”, in Archiv für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik‎ (in German), volume 4, Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, page 440
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “خ م ر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 302–303
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