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Connections to Akkadian𒅈𒋢𒌒𒁍(arsuppu, “a type of cereal with a braid appearance; an unidentified type of apple or produce”, literally “carp fish, scales”), so applied from the appearance of its head.
Or, perhaps from Middle Persian*xār-čōp(literally “thorn stick”), from (hʾl/xār/, “thorn”) + (cwp/čōb, čōp/) equalling modern Persianخار(xâr)) + چوب(čôb), چوپ(čôp, “stick”).
^ Elcock, W. D. (1960) The Romance Languages, page 282: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".
Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 403
Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 407–412
“suādu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD), Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011, pages 307-308
