عجم

From the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m). The word عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arabs”) is from a pre-Islamic form أَعْجَم (ʔaʕjam), from the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly (thus reflecting the same semantic evolution as Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “barbarian”)).

عَجَم • (ʕajam) m (collective, singulative عَجَمِيّ m (ʕajamiyy), plural أَعْجَام (ʔaʕjām))

1. non-Arabs (as foreigners or barbarians)
2. (historical) Persians.

   Synonym: فُرْس (furs)

• The affective value attributed to the word depends on the point of view of the user, and the historical period. For example, it had a markedly negative connotation during the Umayyad period, whereas it was often quite positive in the Abbasid period, when Iranians had much political and social influence.

• أَعْجَم (ʔaʕjam)

• عَرَب (ʕarab)

• عَجَمِيّ (ʕajamiyy)
• إِعْجَام (ʔiʕjām, “dots added to letters to distinguish between them”)
• مُعْجَم (muʕjam, “dictionary”)
• عُجْمَة (ʕujma, “a confused and obscure way of speaking”)

• Gulf Arabic: عَيَم (ʕayam)
• → Azerbaijani: əcəm
• → Chagatai: عجم
  • Uyghur: ئەجەم (ejem)
  • Uzbek: ajam
• → Middle Armenian: աճամ (ačam)
• → Persian: عجم ('ajam)
  • → Bengali: আজম (ajom)
  • → Gujarati: અજમ (ajam)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: अजम (ajam)

    Urdu: عجم (ajam)

  • → Ottoman Turkish: عجم (acem)
    • Turkish: Acem
    • → Albanian: axhem
    • → Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)
  • → Pashto: عجم
• → Swahili: Uajemi, Mwajemi, Kiajemi

عَجَمَ • (ʕajama) I (non-past يَعْجُمُ (yaʕjumu), verbal noun عَجْم (ʕajm))

1. to bite, to chew
2. to try, to test

عَجَّمَ • (ʕajjama) II (non-past يُعَجِّمُ (yuʕajjimu), verbal noun تَعْجِيم (taʕjīm))

1. to point the text, to write distinguishing marks to it

عَجْم • (ʕajm) m

1. verbal noun of عَجَمَ (ʕajama) (form I)

عَجَم • (ʕajam) m (collective, singulative عَجَمَة f (ʕajama))

1. stones, kernels, pits, pips, fruit seeds

• Gabrieli, F. (1986) “ʿAdjam”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed., vol. I, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 206

عجم

1. Arabic spelling of əcəm

عجم

1. Arabic spelling of Əcəm

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَجَم sg (ʿajam /⁠ʾajam⁠/, “an Ajam, a Persian”), from Arabic اَلْعَجَمُ m (al-ʕajamu, “the Ajams, the Persians”, definite nominative collective), which is related to أَعْجَمٌ m sg (ʔaʕjamun, indefinite nominative adjective).

عجم • (Acem)

1. an Ajam, a Persian

• Turkish: Acem
• → Albanian: axhem
• → Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)

Borrowed from Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab, Persian”).

عجم • ('ajam)

1. Persian; Iranian; Ajam

عجم • ('ajam)

1. Iran; Persia

   Synonym: ایران (irân)

   • c. 1010, Abū'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, شاهنامه [Shāhnāma]:

     بسی رنج بردم در این سال سی
     عجم زنده کردم بدین پارسی

     basê ranj burdam dar în sâl sî
     ajam zinda kardam bad-în pârsî

     Much toil have I borne in these thirty years,
     I have revived Persia with this Persian .

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • c. 1542, Jamālī Dihlawī, مثنوی مهر و ماه [Masnavī-yi mihr u māh]:

     ز بعد مکه سیرم در عجم بود
     ولی بی هند خاطر می نیاسود

     ze ba'd-i makka sayr-am dar ajam bûd
     walî bê hind xâtir mê nay-âsûd

     After Mecca, my journey was in Iran
     But without India, my heart found no rest.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

• → Bengali: আজম (ajom)
• → Gujarati: અજમ (ajam)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: अजम (ajam)

  Urdu: عجم (ajam)

• → Ottoman Turkish: عجم (acem)
  • Turkish: Acem
  • → Albanian: axhem
  • → Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)
• → Pashto: عجم