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क्षम्. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
क्षम्, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
क्षम् in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ḍẓʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰḿ̥h₂s (“earth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬨 (zam), Latin humus, the source of English human; Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), Persian زمین (zamin), Russian земля (zemlja).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
क्षम् • (kṣám) stem, f
- ground, earth
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भू
c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE,
Ṛgveda 8.46.6:
- कृ॒ष्णा रजां॑सि पत्सु॒तः प्र॒याणे॑ जा॒तवे॑दसः ।
अ॒ग्निर्यद्रोध॑ति॒ क्षमि॑ ॥- kṛṣṇā́ rájāṃsi patsutáḥ prayā́ṇe jātávedasaḥ.
agníryádródhati kṣámi. - As Jātavedas speeds along, the dust is black beneath his feet,
When Agni spreads upon the earth.
Declension
Irregular declension of क्षम् (kṣám)
Derived terms
- क्षमा (kṣamā́, “on the earth”, adverb)
- क्षमा (kṣamā, “earth”)
- क्षम्य (kṣámya, “being in the earth”)
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšamH- (“to bear, to endure”),[2] probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰse-mH, metathesized form of *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”) (which is likely not related to *seǵʰ- (“to hold, overpower”), despite similarities in form and meaning), whence also सघ्नोति (saghnóti) and possibly Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos).[3] Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬄𐬥𐬨𐬇𐬥𐬉 (xṣ̌ąnmə̄nē, “to be contented, to resign oneself to”). Also related to Pashto زغمل (zğëmël, “to endure, to tolerate, to go through”), which is from a Proto-Indo-Iranian *zgʰamH- which did not undergo metathesis.
Root
क्षम् • (kṣam)
- to submit; endure, suffer
- pardon, forgive
- resist
Derived terms
- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- Non-Finite Forms
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “क्षम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 326, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 28
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “kṣam”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 424-5
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 425-6