दशम

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d̪ə.ʃəm/,

दशम • (daśam) (indeclinable) (ordinal number)

1. tenth

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daćamás, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱm̥-Hó-s from *déḱm̥ (“ten”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬆𐬨𐬀 (dasəma), Persian دهم (dahom), Latin decimus.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɐ.ɕɐ.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ɐ.ɕɐ.mɐ/

दशम • (daśamá) stem

1. tenth
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.184.3:

     हिरण्ययी अरणी यं निर्मन्थतो अश्विना ।
     तं ते गर्भं हवामहे दशमे मासि सूतवे ॥

     hiraṇyayī araṇī yaṃ nirmanthato aśvinā.
     taṃ te garbhaṃ havāmahe daśame māsi sūtave.

     That which the Twin Aśvins rub forth with the attrition-sticks of gold,—
     That embryo of thine we invocate, that in the tenth month thou mayst bear.

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: दह्युमु॒ (dahyumu॒, “tenth”)
  • Torwali: دشَم (dašam)
• Pali: dasama
  • → Burmese: ဒသမ (da.sa.ma.)
• Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: दशौं (daśa͠u)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)
    • Konkani: धावो (dhāvo), धावें (dhāvẽ)
    • Old Marathi:

      Devanagari script: दसव (dasava), दाहाव (dāhāva)

      Modi script: 𑘟𑘭𑘪 (dasava), 𑘟𑘰𑘮𑘰𑘪 (dāhāva)

      • Marathi: दहावे (dahāve)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Takka Apabhramsa:
      • Old Punjabi: ਦਸਵਾ (dasavāṁ)
        • Punjabi: dasvā̃

          Gurmukhi script: ਦਸਵਾਂ

          Shahmukhi script: دَسْواں

    • Vracada Apabhramsa:
      • Sindhi: ḍ̠ahõ

        Arabic script: ڏهون

        Devanagari script: ॾहों

  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Gujarati: દસમું (dasmũ)
    • Old Hindi: दसवै (dasavai), दसवैं (dasava͠i, Rājasthānī manuscripts)
      • Hindustani: dasvā̃

        Hindi: दसवाँ

        Urdu: دَسْوَاں (dasvā̃)

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “दशम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899) “दशम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 472.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “daśamá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press