တောင်

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See also: တွင်, တၢင်း, တငါ, and တောင်း

Burmese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tàʊɴ/
  • Romanization: MLCTS: taung • ALA-LC: toṅʻ • BGN/PCGN: taung • Okell: tauñ
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/r-duŋ (“mountain, hillock”), and cognate with Old Chinese 冢 (OC *toŋʔ, “mound, peak; great”) (STEDT).

Noun

တောင် • (taung) (classifier လုံး or တောင်)

  1. mountain
Derived terms

Etymology 2

According to Hill, a semantic extension of Etymology 1, thus "direction of the mountains" > "south"; the proto-Burmish peoples spread from what is now Yunnan southwards, and the Naga Hills and Hengduan Mountains, which form the northern periphery of modern-day Burma, would have been located in the proto-Burmish south.[1]

Noun

တောင် • (taung)

  1. south
Coordinate terms
  • (compass points)
Native Burmese
အနောက်မြောက် (a.naukmrauk) မြောက် (mrauk) အရှေ့မြောက် (a.hre.mrauk)
အနောက် (a.nauk) အရှေ့ (a.hre.)
အနောက်တောင် (a.nauktaung) တောင် (taung) အရှေ့တောင် (a.hre.taung)
From Pali
ဥတ္တရ (utta.ra.)
ပစ္ဆိမ (pachci.ma.) ပုဗ္ဗ (pubba.)
ဒက္ခိဏ (dakhki.na.)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (“cubit”) (STEDT: ʔə toŋ "cubit"), a semantic extension of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (“wing, hand”) (whence the first syllable of တောင်ပံ (taungpam, “wing”)). Cognate with Mizo tong (“cubit”).

Noun

တောင် • (taung) (classifier တောင်)

  1. a cubit (18 inches; 45.72 cm)
    ပိတ် နှစ်တောင် ― pit hnactaung ― two cubits of (cotton) cloth
Derived terms

Verb

တောင် • (taung)

  1. to measure by the cubit
See also

See Appendix:Burmese units of measure.

Etymology 4

For the "wing" sense, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (“wing, hand”) , whence Akha (dáŋ, “wing”) (STEDT).

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “The "hard" sense is not given etymology by STEDT (toŋʼ "stiff, firm"). MED groups the "wing" sense together with this implicitly (in the subentries section, as MED doesn't explicitly consider "wing" to be a basic sense). Whether the "hard" sense is truly related is unclear.”

Verb

တောင် • (taung)

  1. to be hard, be stiff

Noun

တောင် • (taung)

  1. (in compounds) wing, fin
Derived terms

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Doesn't seem to given etymology by STEDT (toŋ³ "each / every") or mentioned by Luce 1981.”)

Adverb

တောင် • (taung)

  1. even (implying an extreme example)
  2. not even (after a negated verb)
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Hill, Nathan W. (2019) The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 46

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia