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Supposed contraction of *ᾰ̓ορτηρῐ́ᾱ(*aortēríā) (cf. ᾰ̓ορτήρ(aortḗr)), from ᾰ̓είρω(aeírō, “to bind, hang up”).[1]
It was assumed that all blood vessels transported both blood and πνεῦμα(pneûma, “breathe, spirit”), in a similar way as how the latter is transported through the τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία(trakheîa artēría, literally “rough artery”).[2] This might explain why windpipe and artery share the same name.