ἄρθρον

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-dʰrom, from *h₂er- (“to fit”) +‎ *-dʰrom (“tool or instrument suffix”), synchronically analyzable as ἀραρίσκω (ararískō) +‎ -θρον (-thron).^[1]

ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (árthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension

1. (anatomy) joint

   Synonym: ἅψος (hápsos)

2. (anatomy) limb
3. articulation

   ἄρθρον τῆς φωνῆς (árthron tês phōnês) – vocal articulation

4. (grammar) connecting word
5. (grammar) an article: a category including the definite article ὁ (ho) and the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós)

Note concerning definition #2, ἄρθρον (árthron) was sometimes used to refer to various body parts such as the ankles, eyes, mouth, genitals, etc.

• Greek: άρθρο (árthro)

• “ἄρθρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄρθρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἄρθρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄρθρον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• ἄρθρον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • joint idem, page 463.
• “ἄρθρον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011