ἔγχος

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European root *h₁neǵʰ- (“to stab, pierce, spear”) whence also νύσσω (nússō). According to Beekes, of uncertain origin but possibly from Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ἔγχος • (énkhos) n (genitive ἔγχους or ἔγχεος); third declension

  1. (Epic) spear, spearmanship
    Synonym: ἐγχείη (enkheíē)
  2. (later) weapons in general: sword, arrow, etc.
  3. (metonymically) armed force

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ἔγχος; τοῦ ἔγχους (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ἔγχος
tò énkhos 		τὼ ἔγχει
tṑ énkhei 		τᾰ̀ ἔγχη
tằ énkhē
Genitive τοῦ ἔγχους
toû énkhous 		τοῖν ἐγχοῖν
toîn enkhoîn 		τῶν ἐγχῶν
tôn enkhôn
Dative τῷ ἔγχει
tôi énkhei 		τοῖν ἐγχοῖν
toîn enkhoîn 		τοῖς ἔγχεσῐ / ἔγχεσῐν
toîs énkhesĭ(n)
Accusative τὸ ἔγχος
tò énkhos 		τὼ ἔγχει
tṑ énkhei 		τᾰ̀ ἔγχη
tằ énkhē
Vocative ἔγχος
énkhos 		ἔγχει
énkhei 		ἔγχη
énkhē
Notes:
Third declension of ἔγχος; ἔγχεος (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἔγχος
énkhos 		ἔγχει / ἔγχεε
énkhei / énkhee 		ἔγχεᾰ
énkheă
Genitive ἔγχεος / ἔγχευς
énkheos / énkheus 		ἐγχέοιν
enkhéoin 		ἐγχέων
enkhéōn
Dative ἔγχει / ἔγχεῐ̈
énkhei / énkheĭ̈ 		ἐγχέοιν
enkhéoin 		ἔγχεσῐ / ἔγχεσῐν
énkhesĭ(n)
Accusative ἔγχος
énkhos 		ἔγχει / ἔγχεε
énkhei / énkhee 		ἔγχεᾰ
énkheă
Vocative ἔγχος
énkhos 		ἔγχει / ἔγχεε
énkhei / énkhee 		ἔγχεᾰ
énkheă
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Further reading

  • “ἔγχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἔγχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἔγχος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἔγχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ἔγχος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • ἔγχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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