ὄρχις
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Diagram of an orchid plant and its characteristically shaped roots
See also: όρχις
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁órǵʰis (“testicle”). Cognates include Old Armenian որձիք (orjikʻ, “idem”), Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌 (ərəzi), Hittite (arkiš), Albanian herdhe, and Irish uirghe.[1]
The "orchid" sense is likely for the characteristically oblong shape of the plant's roots.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ór.kʰis/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈor.kʰis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈor.çis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈor.çis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈor.çis/
Noun
ὄρχις • (órkhis) m or f (genitive ὄρχεως or ὄρχῐος); third declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ, ἡ ὄρχῐς ho, hē órkhis |
τὼ ὄρχει tṑ órkhei |
οἱ, αἱ ὄρχεις hoi, hai órkheis | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ, τῆς ὄρχεως toû, tês órkheōs |
τοῖν ὀρχέοιν toîn orkhéoin |
τῶν ὄρχεων tôn órkheōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ, τῇ ὄρχει tôi, têi órkhei |
τοῖν ὀρχέοιν toîn orkhéoin |
τοῖς, ταῖς ὄρχεσῐ / ὄρχεσῐν toîs, taîs órkhesi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν, τὴν ὄρχῐν tòn, tḕn órkhin |
τὼ ὄρχει tṑ órkhei |
τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ὄρχεις toùs, tā̀s órkheis | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὄρχῐ órkhi |
ὄρχει órkhei |
ὄρχεις órkheis | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ὀρχίδιον (orkhídion)
- ὀρχιπεδίζω (orkhipedízō)
Descendants
- ⇒ Byzantine Greek: ὀρχίδιον (orkhídion)
- Greek: αρχίδι (archídi)
- → Greek: όρχις m (órchis)
- → Latin: orchis (see there for further descendants)
- → English: orchi-
- → Italian: orchi-
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄρχις, -εως”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1116
Further reading
- “ὄρχις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὄρχις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ὄρχις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ὄρχις in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- “ὄρχις”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011