ᾍδης

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See also: Άδης, Ἀΐδης, ᾅδης, and ἀϊδής

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) +‎ *weyd- (“see”), literally “that which is unseen”,[1] equivalent to ἀ- (a-) +‎ εἶδον (eîdon). Compare ἀϊδής (aïdḗs, “invisible”).

Puhvel (1987) argues that it is from *sm̥weyd- (from *sm̥- (compounding stem) +‎ *weyd- (“see”), literally “see-together” or “uniter”), equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) +‎ εἶδον (eîdon), cognate with Russian свида́ние (svidánije, “see each other”), and partly in Sanskrit संगमनं जनानां (saṃgamanaṃ janānāṃ, literally “ingatherer of people”), where *weyd- is replaced with *gʷem-.

Pronunciation

 

Proper noun

ᾍδης • (Hā́idēs) m (genitive ᾍδου); first declension (Attic)

  1. (Greek mythology) Hades (Greek god)
  2. (Greek mythology) Hades (a mythological location, the underworld in Ancient Greek religion)
  3. (Koine, biblical) the Grave, Hell

Usage notes

The personal name rarely takes a definite article.

Inflection

First declension of ὁ ᾍδης; τοῦ ᾍδου (Attic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative ὁ ᾍδης
ho Hā́idēs
Genitive τοῦ ᾍδου
toû Hā́idou
Dative τῷ ᾍδῃ
tôi Hā́idēi
Accusative τὸν ᾍδην
tòn Hā́idēn
Vocative ᾍδη
Hā́idē
Notes:
First declension of Ἀΐδης; Ἀΐδᾱο (Epic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative Ἀΐδης
Aḯdēs
Genitive Ἀΐδᾱο / Ἀΐδε͜ω / Ἀΐδω
Aḯdāo / Aḯde͜ō / Aḯdō
Dative Ἀΐδῃ
Aḯdēi
Accusative Ἀΐδην
Aḯdēn
Vocative Ἀΐδη
Aḯdē
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

  • Greek: Άδης (Ádis)
  • → Latin: Hādēs
  • → Old Church Slavonic: адъ (adŭ) (see there for further descendants)

See also

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “Ἀΐδης, -αο [m.]”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia