ᾍδης
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Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + *weyd- (“see”) + *-ēs (“adjectival suffix”), literally “that which is unseen”,[1] equivalent to ἀ- (a-) + εἶδον (eîdon). Compare ἀϊδής (aïdḗs, “invisible”).
Puhvel (1987) argues that it is from *sm̥weyd- (from *sm̥- (compounding stem) + *weyd- (“see”) + *-ēs (“adjectival suffix”), literally “see-together” or “uniter”), equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) + εἶδον (eîdon), cognate with Russian свида́ние (svidánije, “see each other”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /háːi̯.dɛːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)a.de̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈa.ðis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈa.ðis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈa.ðis/
Proper noun
ᾍδης • (Hā́idēs) m (genitive ᾍδου); first declension (Attic)
- (Greek mythology) Hades (Greek god)
- (Greek mythology) Hades (a mythological location, the underworld in Ancient Greek religion)
- (Koine, biblical) the Grave, Hell
Usage notes
The personal name rarely takes a definite article.
Inflection
Descendants
- Greek: Άδης (Ádis)
- → Latin: Hādēs
- → Old Church Slavonic: адъ (adŭ) (see there for further descendants)
See also
- Πλούτων (Ploútōn)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “Ἀΐδης, -αο [m.]”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34
Further reading
- “ᾍδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ᾍδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ᾍδης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ᾍδης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- G86 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.