冬
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See also: 鼕
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Translingual
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Han character
冬 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 19
- Unihan data for U+51AC
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 冬 | ||||||
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| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːŋ) : phonetic 夂 (, “end”) + semantic 日 (“day”) or 仌 (“ice”).
- Bronze script and Chu slip script
- Composed of the early form of 終 (“end”, as well phonetic), here represented by Shuowen ancient script
, + 日 (“day”). In bronze script, 日 (
) was inside . In Chu slip script, 日 (
) was below (
).
- Seal script, Qin clerical script and after
- Composed of (“end”, as well phonetic) + 仌 (“ice”).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
冬 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Wang (1982) and Sagart (2023b) relate it to 終 (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”). Sagart (ibid.) also proposes its cognacy to Chepang tyuŋh (“at end, be weak, exhausted”), dyumʔ (“at ease after completing work”), dyum (“terminate, reach end; to be at end”), Jingpho chatum (“end, finish”), Limbu tum-ma (“ripe, mature”), & Proto-Ao *a-thəm "end, finish".
Pronunciation
Definitions
冬
- winter
- (Cantonese) winter solstice
- (Southern Min) year
- (～日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
- Alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”)
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 冬天 (“winter”)
Dialectal synonyms of 冬至 (“winter solstice”)
See also
| Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds
- 丁冬 (dīngdōng)
- 三冬 (sāndōng)
- 三冬兩夏／三冬两夏
- 九冬
- 人工冬眠
- 仲冬
- 佳冬 (Jiādōng)
- 做冬
- 入冬 (rùdōng)
- 冒兒咕冬／冒儿咕冬
- 冬事
- 冬令 (dōnglìng)
- 冬令進補／冬令进补
- 冬候鳥／冬候鸟
- 冬儲／冬储
- 冬凌
- 冬初
- 冬夏 (dōngxià)
- 冬大過年／冬大过年
- 冬天 (dōngtiān)
- 冬季 (dōngjì)
- 冬季作物
- 冬季運動／冬季运动
- 冬寒
- 冬寒菜
- 冬小麥／冬小麦 (dōngxiǎomài)
- 冬心
- 冬扇夏爐／冬扇夏炉
- 冬日 (dōngrì)
- 冬日可愛／冬日可爱
- 冬暖夏涼／冬暖夏凉 (dōngnuǎnxiàliáng)
- 冬月 (Dōngyuè)
- 冬水 (dōngshuǐ)
- 冬溫夏凊／冬温夏凊
- 冬灌
- 冬烘 (dōnghōng)
- 冬烘先生
- 冬狩
- 冬瓜 (dōngguā)
- 冬眠 (dōngmián)
- 冬筍／冬笋 (dōngsǔn)
- 冬節／冬节 (dōngjié)
- 冬粉 (dōngfěn)
- 冬至 (dōngzhì)
- 冬花 (dōnghuā)
- 冬菜 (dōngcài)
- 冬菇 (dōnggū)
- 冬藏
- 冬蟄／冬蛰
- 冬蟲夏草／冬虫夏草 (dōngchóngxiàcǎo)
- 冬衣 (dōngyī)
- 冬裝／冬装 (dōngzhuāng)
- 冬賑／冬赈
- 冬防
- 冬風／冬风
- 冬麥／冬麦 (dōngmài)
- 初冬 (chūdōng)
- 嚴冬／严冬 (yándōng)
- 夏鑪冬扇／夏𬬻冬扇
- 天門冬／天门冬 (tiānméndōng)
- 孟冬
- 季冬 (Jìdōng)
- 寒冬 (hándōng)
- 寒冬臘月／寒冬腊月 (hándōnglàyuè)
- 幫冬／帮冬
- 忍冬 (rěndōng)
- 拜冬
- 撲冬冬／扑冬冬
- 撲通通冬／扑通通冬
- 暖冬 (nuǎndōng)
- 款冬
- 殘冬／残冬 (cándōng)
- 殘冬臘月／残冬腊月
- 無冬無夏／无冬无夏
- 玄冬
- 盛冬
- 矮冬瓜 (ǎidōngguā)
- 秋收冬藏
- 窮冬／穷冬
- 立冬 (Lìdōng)
- 紅冬冬／红冬冬
- 肥冬瘦年
- 臘盡冬殘／腊尽冬残
- 茄冬
- 越冬作物 (yuèdōng zuòwù)
- 過冬／过冬 (guòdōng)
- 開冬／开冬
- 隆冬 (lóngdōng)
- 麥冬／麦冬 (màidōng)
- 麥門冬／麦门冬 (màiméndōng)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 鼕. (This character is the simplified form of 鼕). |
Notes:
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References
- “冬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 冬 | |
| Kyūjitai |
冬 冬or 冬+ ︀?
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| 冬󠄀 冬+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 冬󠄃 冬+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
冬
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 冬)
Readings
- Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←とう (tou, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←とう (tou, historical)
- Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かず (kazu); とし (toshi); ふゆ (fuyu)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| ふゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨puyu⟩ → /ɸuju/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *puyu.
Pronunciation
Noun
- winter (season)
- Synonyms: 冬季 (tōki), 冬期 (tōki)
- 冬の狂風
- Fuyu no Kyōfū
- The Winds of Winter
Derived terms
Derived terms
Coordinate terms
| Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (haru, “spring”) 春季 (shunki, “spring”) 春期 (shunki, “spring period”) |
夏 (natsu, “summer”) 夏季 (kaki, “summer”) 夏期 (kaki, “summer period”) |
秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋季 (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋期 (shūki, “fall period”) |
冬 (fuyu, “winter”) 冬季 (tōki, “winter”) 冬期 (tōki, “winter period”) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC towng).
Affix
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also
- ウィンター (wintā)
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC towng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
Okinawan
Kanji
冬
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| ふゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Compare Japanese 冬 (fuyu, “winter”).
Pronunciation
Noun
冬 (fuyu)
References
- “ふゆ【冬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.