加害

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Chinese

		to add; plus	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (加害)		加	害
simp. ^#(加害)		加	害

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāhài

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄏㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ hoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-hoi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ka-hāi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄏㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiahài
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-hai⁴
  - Yale: jyā-hài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiahay
  - Palladius: цзяхай (czjaxaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ hoi⁶
  - Yale: gā hoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ hoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ hoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-hoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˊ hoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ hoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: ka-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ka'hai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ hai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³/

Middle Chinese: kae hajH

Rime
Character	加	害
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古牙切	胡蓋切
Baxter	kae	hajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/	/ɦɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/	/ɦɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/	/ɣɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/	/ɦaj^H/
Li Rong	/ka/	/ɣɑi^H/
Wang Li	/ka/	/ɣɑi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ka/	/ɣɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā	hài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa¹	hoi⁶

Verb

加害

to do harm (to someone); to injure; to frame (someone)

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
加	害
か Grade: 4	がい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かがい (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

加(か)害(がい) • (kagai) ^{←かがい (kagai)^?}

doing harm

Verb

加(か)害(がい)する • (kagai suru) ^{←かがい (kagai)^?}suru (stem 加(か)害(がい)し (kagai shi), past 加(か)害(がい)した (kagai shita))

to do harm

Conjugation

Conjugation of "加害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	加害し	かがいし	kagai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	加害し	かがいし	kagai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	加害する	かがいする	kagai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	加害する	かがいする	kagai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	加害すれ	かがいすれ	kagai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	加害せよ¹ 加害しろ²	かがいせよ¹ かがいしろ²	kagai seyo¹ kagai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	加害される	かがいされる	kagai sareru
Causative	加害させる加害さす	かがいさせるかがいさす	kagai saseru kagai sasu
Potential	加害できる	かがいできる	kagai dekiru
Volitional	加害しよう	かがいしよう	kagai shiyō
Negative	加害しない	かがいしない	kagai shinai
Negative continuative	加害せず	かがいせず	kagai sezu
Formal	加害します	かがいします	kagai shimasu
Perfective	加害した	かがいした	kagai shita
Conjunctive	加害して	かがいして	kagai shite
Hypothetical conditional	加害すれば	かがいすれば	kagai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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