嘆く

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
嘆
なげ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
嘆く (kyūjitai)
歎く

Etymology

From Old Japanese 嘆く (nage2ku, “to sigh; to grieve over; to lament”). In turn, verbalized from noun 嘆き (nage2ki1, “sigh; lament”), derived as a compound of 長 (naga, “long”) + 息 (iki1, “breath”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「嘆く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		嘆く なげく
Imperative (命令形) 嘆け なげけ
Key constructions
Passive 嘆かれる なげかれる
Causative 嘆かせる なげかせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 嘆こう なげこー
Negative 嘆かない なげかない
Negative perfective 嘆かなかった なげかなかった
Formal 嘆きます なげきます
Perfective 嘆いた なげいた
Conjunctive 嘆いて なげいて
Hypothetical conditional 嘆けば なげけば

Verb

嘆(なげ)く • (nageku) intransitive godan (stem 嘆(なげ)き (nageki), past 嘆(なげ)いた (nageita))

  1. to mourn, to lament
  2. to sigh

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嘆く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 嘆か なげか nageka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 嘆き なげき nageki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 嘆く なげく nageku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 嘆く なげく nageku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 嘆け なげけ nageke
Meireikei ("imperative") 嘆け なげけ nageke
Key constructions
Passive 嘆かれる なげかれる nagekareru
Causative 嘆かせる
嘆かす 		なげかせる
なげかす 		nagekaseru
nagekasu
Potential 嘆ける なげける nagekeru
Volitional 嘆こう なげこう nagekō
Negative 嘆かない なげかない nagekanai
Negative continuative 嘆かず なげかず nagekazu
Formal 嘆きます なげきます nagekimasu
Perfective 嘆いた なげいた nageita
Conjunctive 嘆いて なげいて nageite
Hypothetical conditional 嘆けば なげけば nagekeba

References

  1. ^ “嘆く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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