彌勒
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (彌勒) | 彌 | 勒 | |
| simp. (弥勒) | 弥 | 勒 | |
Etymology
From early Middle Indo-Aryan in forms like *Metreka, due to alternation of -k- and -y- that can be found in Middle-Indic languages such as Gandhari and Ashokan Prakrit. Ji (1998v11) considers the most likely direct ancestor to be Tocharian A Metrak, which also gave rise to Tocharian B Maitrāk. Cf. Bactrian Μητραγα (Mētraga) (Karashima, 2010); connected to the Gandhari 𐨨𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨩 (metreya) and Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya). However, the frequently-cited form Maitreya is not a direct ancestor. Ji (ibid.) further finds the root of both the word and the religious figure in Sanskrit मैत्री (maitrī, “goodwill; close union; friendship”) and related to मित्र (mitra, “Mitra”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mei4 lak6
- Eastern Min (BUC): Mì-lĕk
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bî-le̍k / Bî-lia̍k / Mî-le̍k / Nî-le̍k
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Mílè
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Mílè
- Wade–Giles: Mi2-lê4
- Yale: Mí-lè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Mileh
- Palladius: Милэ (Milɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: mei4 lak6
- Yale: mèih lahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mei4 lak9
- Guangdong Romanization: méi4 leg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mei̯²¹ lɐk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Mì-lĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bî-lia̍k
- Tâi-lô: Bî-lia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: biliak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Mî-le̍k
- Tâi-lô: Mî-li̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: milek
- IPA (Taipei): /mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Nî-le̍k
- Tâi-lô: Nî-li̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: nilek
- IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/
- Middle Chinese: mjie lok
Proper noun
彌勒
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 彌勒, 彌勒佛, 彌勒菩薩 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 彌勒佛 |
| Singapore | 彌勒佛, 彌勒菩薩 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 彌羅佛 |
| Yangzhou | 彌陀, 笑佛, 彌勒佛 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 彌勒佛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 彌勒佛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 摁肚伯公 |
| Yudu | 大肚羅漢 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 彌勒佛, 彌提 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 肥勒, 肥勒爺 |
| Quanzhou | 肥勒 | |
| Zhangzhou | 肥勒, 肥勒佛, 阿肥勒佛仔 | |
| Jieyang | 彌勒佛 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 未來佛 |
| Xianyou | 未來佛 | |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 彌陀菩薩 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 和合菩薩 |
Derived terms
Descendants
Others:
- → Korean: 미러 (Mireo, “Mile”)
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 彌 | 勒 |
Proper noun
彌勒 • (Mireuk or McCune-Reischauer: Mirŭk or Yale: Miluk) (hangeul 미륵)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 彌 | 勒 |
Proper noun
彌勒