敦

敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 0844₀, composition ⿰享攵)

• 噋 墩 憞 撴 暾 橔 潡 燉 犜 獤 㻻 礅 㬿 譈(𬤣) 蹾 鐓(镦) 䪃 驐(𮪥) 鷻 䔻 墪 憝 撉 䃦 鐜 𠎄 𡡬 𥋆 𫄃 𬚧 𦪔 𧑒 𧝋 𠓎 𪆝 𡼖 𥂦 𮕁 𧝗 𩞤 𪆃(𬸫) 𣦤

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276
• Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1468, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6566

Historical forms of the character 敦
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亯 (“ancestral shrine”) + 羊 (“sheep”). According to Ma Rusen (馬如森), the character represents a cooked goat used as a sacrifice. According to Ma Xulun (馬敍倫) and Yang Shuda (楊樹達), the character's original meanings was "to cook" and is the original form of 燉.

Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns): phonetic 𦎫 + semantic 攴 (“hand”). The character 燉 was graphically shaped after the modern version.

“thick; earnest; plentiful; large”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n (“thick”). Compare Burmese ထု (htu., “thickness, mass”), as well as the following Sinitic words (STEDT):

• 焞 (OC *tʰuːn, *djun, “ample, complete”)
• 醇 (OC *djun, “pure, unadulterated, generous”)
• 淳 (OC *djun, “ample”)
• 肫 (OC *tjun, “sincere, diligent”).

“Tun”

From Malay Tun.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

敦

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) angry
2. to urge
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to advise and encourage
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) diligent
5. earnest; honest; generous
6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) intimate
7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thick
8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) plentiful; rich
9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) large
10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere
11. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to put something down with great force
12. a river in Shanxi
13. (Malaysia) Tun (Malay honorific title)
14. a surname

敦

1. (historical) ancient vessel used to hold grains

敦

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to administer; to manage

   • 敦商之旅，克咸厥功。

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Duī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng.

     disposed of the troops of Shang;
     He and his men shared equally in the achievement.

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) solitary

   • 敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。
     敦彼独宿，亦在车下。

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Duī bǐ dú sù, yì zài chē xià.

     And quietly and solitarily did we pass the night,
     Under our carriages.

3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to throw
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to force upon

   • 王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。
     王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ.

     The king's business is thrown on me,
     And the affairs of our government are left to me more and more.

See 團 (OC *doːn).

敦

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clustered
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 團 / 团 (tuán, “round”)

   • 有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn.

     There were the round bitter gourds hanging,
     From the branches of the chestnut trees.

敦

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to erect
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 墩 (dūn, “mound”)

敦

1. only used in 混敦 and 敦然

敦

1. only used in 敦恨

• “敦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “敦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. kindness, affinity

• Go-on: とん (ton)、たい (tai)
• Kan-on: とん (ton)、たい (tai)
• Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
• Kun: あつい (atsui, 敦い)
• Nanori: あつし (atsushi)、つとむ (tsutomu)

From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).

• (Tokyo) たい (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

敦(たい) • (tai) 

1. dui (vessel)

• (Tokyo) あつし (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

• (Tokyo) つとむ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

敦(あつし) or 敦(つとむ) • (Atsushi or Tsutomu) 

1. a male given name

敦 (eumhun 쪼을 퇴 (jjo'eul toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“peck”)

敦 (eumhun 모을 퇴 (mo'eul toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“collect, gather”)

敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 (daseuril toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“manage, govern, administer”)

敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 (kkeuneul toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“sever, cut off, put down”)

敦 (eumhun 곱송거릴 퇴 (gopsonggeoril toe))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

敦 (eumhun 성낼 퇴 (seongnael toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“angry, furious”)

敦 (eumhun 도타울 돈 (dotaul don))

1. hanja form^? of 돈 (“esteem”)
2. hanja form^? of 돈 (“honest, candid, sincere”)

敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (都(đô)昆(côn)切(thiết)), dun
敦: Nôm readings: đon, run, xôn, xun, đôn, giun, dun, don, dồn, ton, rủn, gion, chon, trôn, đun, dôn, giôn, đùn, đũn, dún

1. chữ Nôm form of run (“to tremble; to shiver”)