瑪瑙
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Chinese
| trad. (瑪瑙) | 瑪 | 瑙 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. (玛瑙) | 玛 | 瑙 | |
| nonstandard simp. | 玛𰡻 | ||
| alternative forms | 碼碯／码碯 碼瑙／码瑙 馬瑙／马瑙 馬腦／马脑 | ||
Etymology
From earlier 馬腦 (mǎnǎo, “horse's brain”), as a (probably mistranslated) calque of Sanskrit अश्मगर्भ (aśmagarbha, “gemstone”, literally “stone + ”) from translated Buddhist texts. Could be a mistranslation, since “horse” in Sanskrit is अश्व (aśva).
Compare Tibetan རྟ་ཀླད (rta klad, “agate”, literally “horse + brain”), said to be a Chinese calque, which is later semantically regularised into རྡོ་ཀླད (rdo klad, “agate”, literally “stone + brain”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maa5 nou5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mâ-nó
- Eastern Min (BUC): mā-nō̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mo-nau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǎnǎo
- Wade–Giles: ma3-nao3
- Yale: mǎ-nǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maanao
- Palladius: манао (manao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: maa5 nou5
- Yale: máh nóuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: maa5 nou5
- Guangdong Romanization: ma5 nou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /maː¹³ nou̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-nó
- Hakka Romanization System: maˊ noˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ma1 no3
- Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴ no³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mā-nō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma³³⁻³⁵ nˡo³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-ló
- Tâi-lô: má-ló
- Phofsit Daibuun: mafloir
- IPA (Xiamen): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-nó͘
- Tâi-lô: má-nóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: mafnor
- IPA (Quanzhou): /mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-ló
- Tâi-lô: bé-ló
- Phofsit Daibuun: befloir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bée-ló
- Tâi-lô: bée-ló
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ma2 nao2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: má náu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma⁵²⁻³⁵ nau⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: maeX nawX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ nuːʔ/
Noun
瑪瑙
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 瑪 | 瑙 |
| め Hyōgai |
のう Hyōgai |
| goon | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 馬瑙 (rare) |
Etymology
/menau/ → /menɔː/ → /menoː/
First attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).[1]
From Middle Chinese 瑪瑙 (MC maeX nawX).
Pronunciation
Noun
瑪瑙 or 瑪瑙 • (menō) ←めなう (menau) or メナウ (menau)?
- (mineralogy) an agate
Derived terms
- 苔瑪瑙 (koke menō, “moss agate”)
- 縞瑪瑙 (shima-menō, “onyx, sardonyx”)
Proper noun
- a female given name
References
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 瑪 | 瑙 |
Noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 瑪 | 瑙 |
Noun
瑪瑙