自然淘汰

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Chinese

		nature; the natural world; natural nature; the natural world; natural; of or relating to nature	to rinse; to wash away
trad. (自然淘汰)		自然	淘汰
simp. ^#(自然淘汰)		自然	淘汰

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìrán táotài

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-jiân tô-thài / chīr-jiân tô-thài

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìrán táotài
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhrán táotài
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-jan² tʻao²-tʻai⁴
  - Yale: dz̀-rán táu-tài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhran taurtay
  - Palladius: цзыжань таотай (czyžanʹ taotaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³
  - Yale: jih yìhn tòuh taai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ yin⁴ tou⁴ tai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² jiːn²¹ tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-jiân tô-thài
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-jiân tô-thài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxjieen doi'taix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-jiân tô-thài
  - Tâi-lô: tsīr-jiân tô-thài

Noun

自然淘汰

natural selection

Synonyms

自然選擇／自然选择 (zìrán xuǎnzé)
天擇／天择 (tiānzé)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	然	淘	汰
し Grade: 2	ぜん Grade: 4	とう Hyōgai	た Grade: S
kan'on			kan'yōon

Etymology

Calque of English natural selection.^[1]

From 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しぜんとーた (Nakadaka – )^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key):

Noun

自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) • (shizen tōta) ^{←しぜんたうた (sizen tauta)^?}

natural selection

Synonyms

自(し)然(ぜん)選(せん)択(たく) (shizen sentaku)

Related terms

進(しん)化(か) (shinka): evolution
ダーウィニズム (dāwinizumu): Darwinism
適(てき)者(しゃ)生(せい)存(ぞん) (tekisha seizon): survival of the fittest

Descendants

→ Chinese: 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)

References

Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

^ “自然淘汰”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	然	淘	汰

Noun

自然淘汰 • (jayeondotae) (hangeul 자연도태)

hanja form^? of 자연도태

Wikious

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