落ちる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
落
お
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
堕ちる (negative connotations)
墜ちる
零ちる (rare)
落る

Etymology

/otu/ → /ot͡su/ → /ot͡ɕiru/

Regular development from classical verb form 落つ (otsu, “to fall; to decline; to come to an end”). In turn, from Old Japanese 落つ (otu) of the same meaning, from Proto-Japonic *ətu.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 落つ entry.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

Via root ot-, cognate with 劣る (otoru, “to fail, to lose; to be of lower rank”, intransitive) and 落とす (otosu, “to drop something”, transitive). Additionally, cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ote (“to fall”).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「落ちる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		落ちる おちる
Imperative (命令形) 落ちろ おちろ
Key constructions
Passive 落ちられる おちられる
Causative 落ちさせる おちさせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 落ちよう おちよー
Negative 落ちない おちない
Negative perfective 落ちなかった おちなかった
Formal 落ちます おちます
Perfective 落ちた おちた
Conjunctive 落ちて おちて
Hypothetical conditional 落ちれば おちれば

Verb

落(お)ちる • (ochiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 落(お)ち (ochi), past 落(お)ちた (ochita))

Japanese verb pair
active 落とす
mediopassive 落ちる
  1. to fall
    りんごが木(き)から落(お)ちた。
    Ringo ga ki kara ochita.
    The apple fell from the tree.
  2. (computing) to go down (as when a computer or application becomes unresponsive)
  3. (electrical engineering, of a circuit breaker) to trip
    ブレーカーが落(お)ちた
    burēkā ga ochita
    the circuit breaker tripped
  4. (informal) to fail an examination
    Antonym: 受かる (ukaru)
  5. (Internet slang, chat, video games, etc., of a person) to leave; to sign off; to drop off; to drop
  6. (informal) to be made available by someone else
    ネットに落(お)ちてる画像(がぞう)
    netto ni ochiteru gazō
    images that can be found on the web

Conjugation

Conjugation of "落ちる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 落ち おち ochi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 落ち おち ochi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 落ちる おちる ochiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 落ちる おちる ochiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 落ちれ おちれ ochire
Meireikei ("imperative") 落ちよ¹
落ちろ² 		おちよ¹
おちろ² 		ochiyo¹
ochiro²
Key constructions
Passive 落ちられる おちられる ochirareru
Causative 落ちさせる
落ちさす 		おちさせる
おちさす 		ochisaseru
ochisasu
Potential 落ちられる
落ちれる³ 		おちられる
おちれる³ 		ochirareru
ochireru³
Volitional 落ちよう おちよう ochiyō
Negative 落ちない
落ちぬ
落ちん 		おちない
おちぬ
おちん 		ochinai
ochinu
ochin
Negative continuative 落ちず おちず ochizu
Formal 落ちます おちます ochimasu
Perfective 落ちた おちた ochita
Conjunctive 落ちて おちて ochite
Hypothetical conditional 落ちれば おちれば ochireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Idioms

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “落・堕・墜”, in 日本国語大辞典 ‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ “落ちる”, in デジタル大辞泉 ‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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