First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 늙다〮 (Yale: nùlk-tá). Derived from 늘— (neul-, “to increase”).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | neukda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | neulgda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nŭkta |
| Yale Romanization? | nulkta |
| Base | 늙다 (neukda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 늙히다 (neulkida) |
늙다 • (neukda) (infinitive 늙어, sequential 늙으니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 늙는다 neungneunda |
늙어 neulgeo |
늙어요 neulgeoyo |
늙습니다 neukseumnida |
| Past | 늙었다 neulgeotda |
늙었어 neulgeosseo |
늙었어요 neulgeosseoyo |
늙었습니다 neulgeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 늙느냐 neungneunya |
늙어 neulgeo |
늙어요 neulgeoyo |
늙습니까 neukseumnikka |
| Past | 늙었느냐 neulgeonneunya |
늙었어 neulgeosseo |
늙었어요 neulgeosseoyo |
늙었습니까 neulgeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 늙자 neukja |
늙어 neulgeo |
늙어요 neulgeoyo |
늙으십시다 neulgeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 늙어라 neulgeora |
늙어 neulgeo |
늙어요 neulgeoyo |
늙읍시오 neulgeupsio | |
| Assertive | 늙겠다 neulgetda |
늙겠어 neulgesseo |
늙겠어요 neulgesseoyo |
늙겠습니다 neulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 늙어 neulgeo |
늙어서 neulgeoseo |
늙으니 neulgeuni |
늙으니까 neulgeunikka | |
| Contrast | 늙지만 neukjiman |
늙는데 neungneunde |
늙더니 neukdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 늙고 neulgo |
||||
| Condition | 늙으면 neulgeumyeon |
늙어야 neulgeoya |
|||
| Motive | 늙으려고 neulgeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 늙음 neulgeum |
늙기 neulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 늙었음 neulgeosseum |
늙었기 neulgeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 늙은 neulgeun | |||
| Present | 늙는 neungneun | ||||
| Future | 늙을 neulgeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 늙으신다 neulgeusinda |
늙으셔 neulgeusyeo |
늙으세요, 늙으셔요 neulgeuseyo, neulgeusyeoyo |
늙으십니다 neulgeusimnida |
| Past | 늙으셨다 neulgeusyeotda |
늙으셨어 neulgeusyeosseo |
늙으셨어요 neulgeusyeosseoyo |
늙으셨습니다 neulgeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 늙으시느냐 neulgeusineunya |
늙으셔 neulgeusyeo |
늙으세요, 늙으셔요 neulgeuseyo, neulgeusyeoyo |
늙으십니까 neulgeusimnikka |
| Past | 늙으셨느냐 neulgeusyeonneunya |
늙으셨어 neulgeusyeosseo |
늙으셨어요 neulgeusyeosseoyo |
늙으셨습니까 neulgeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 늙으시라 neulgeusira |
늙으셔 neulgeusyeo |
늙으세요 neulgeuseyo |
늙으십시오 neulgeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 늙으시겠다 neulgeusigetda |
늙으시겠어 neulgeusigesseo |
늙으시겠어요 neulgeusigesseoyo |
늙으시겠습니다 neulgeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 늙으셔 neulgeusyeo |
늙으셔서 neulgeusyeoseo |
늙으시니 neulgeusini |
늙으시니까 neulgeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 늙으시지만 neulgeusijiman |
늙으시는데 neulgeusineunde |
늙으시더니 neulgeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 늙으시고 neulgeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 늙으시면 neulgeusimyeon |
늙으셔야 neulgeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 늙으시려고 neulgeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 늙으심 neulgeusim |
늙으시기 neulgeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 늙으셨음 neulgeusyeosseum |
늙으셨기 neulgeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 늙으신 neulgeusin | |||
| Present | 늙으시는 neulgeusineun | ||||
| Future | 늙으실 neulgeusil | ||||