First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá). Ablaut form: 밝다 (bakda, “to be bright”).
Believed to have been derived from 불 (bul, “fire”) at some earlier stage of the language (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 180). Compare 묽다 (mukda, “watery”) < 물 (mul, “water”).
Beyond Korean, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fulgiyan, “red”).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bukda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | bulgda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pukta |
| Yale Romanization? | pulkta |
붉다 • (bukda) (infinitive 붉어, sequential 붉으니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 붉다 bukda |
붉어 bulgeo |
붉어요 bulgeoyo |
붉습니다 bukseumnida |
| Past | 붉었다 bulgeotda |
붉었어 bulgeosseo |
붉었어요 bulgeosseoyo |
붉었습니다 bulgeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 붉으냐 bulgeunya |
붉어 bulgeo |
붉어요 bulgeoyo |
붉습니까 bukseumnikka |
| Past | 붉었냐 bulgeonnya |
붉었어 bulgeosseo |
붉었어요 bulgeosseoyo |
붉었습니까 bulgeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 붉겠다 bulgetda |
붉겠어 bulgesseo |
붉겠어요 bulgesseoyo |
붉겠습니다 bulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 붉어 bulgeo |
붉어서 bulgeoseo |
붉으니 bulgeuni |
붉으니까 bulgeunikka | |
| Contrast | 붉지만 bukjiman |
붉은데 bulgeunde |
붉더니 bukdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 붉고 bulgo |
||||
| Condition | 붉으면 bulgeumyeon |
붉어야 bulgeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 붉음 bulgeum |
붉기 bulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 붉었음 bulgeosseum |
붉었기 bulgeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 붉은 bulgeun | |||
| Future | 붉을 bulgeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 붉으시다 bulgeusida |
붉으셔 bulgeusyeo |
붉으세요, 붉으셔요 bulgeuseyo, bulgeusyeoyo |
붉으십니다 bulgeusimnida |
| Past | 붉으셨다 bulgeusyeotda |
붉으셨어 bulgeusyeosseo |
붉으셨어요 bulgeusyeosseoyo |
붉으셨습니다 bulgeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 붉으시냐 bulgeusinya |
붉으셔 bulgeusyeo |
붉으세요, 붉으셔요 bulgeuseyo, bulgeusyeoyo |
붉으십니까 bulgeusimnikka |
| Past | 붉으셨냐 bulgeusyeonnya |
붉으셨어 bulgeusyeosseo |
붉으셨어요 bulgeusyeosseoyo |
붉으셨습니까 bulgeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 붉으시겠다 bulgeusigetda |
붉으시겠어 bulgeusigesseo |
붉으시겠어요 bulgeusigesseoyo |
붉으시겠습니다 bulgeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 붉으셔 bulgeusyeo |
붉으셔서 bulgeusyeoseo |
붉으시니 bulgeusini |
붉으시니까 bulgeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 붉으시지만 bulgeusijiman |
붉으신데 bulgeusinde |
붉으시더니 bulgeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 붉으시고 bulgeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 붉으시면 bulgeusimyeon |
붉으셔야 bulgeusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 붉으심 bulgeusim |
붉으시기 bulgeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 붉으셨음 bulgeusyeosseum |
붉으셨기 bulgeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 붉으신 bulgeusin | |||
| Future | 붉으실 bulgeusil | ||||