작다

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Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쟉〯다〮 (Yale: cyǎk-tá). Ablaut form: 적다 (jeokda, “to be few”).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
    • Audio:(file)
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?jakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?jagda
McCune–Reischauer?chakta
Yale Romanization?cākta

Adjective

작다 • (jakda) (infinitive 작아, sequential 작으니)

  1. to be small
    Antonym: 크다 (keuda)
    그는 키가 작다. ― Geu-neun ki-ga jakda. ― He is short.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 작다 (jakda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 작다
jakda 		작아
jaga 		작아요
jagayo 		작습니다
jakseumnida
Past 작았다
jagatda 		작았어
jagasseo 		작았어요
jagasseoyo 		작았습니다
jagatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 작으냐
jageunya 		작아
jaga 		작아요
jagayo 		작습니까
jakseumnikka
Past 작았냐
jagannya 		작았어
jagasseo 		작았어요
jagasseoyo 		작았습니까
jagatseumnikka
Assertive 작겠다
jakgetda		 작겠어
jakgesseo		 작겠어요
jakgesseoyo		 작겠습니다
jakgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 작아
jaga		 작아서
jagaseo		 작으니
jageuni		 작으니까
jageunikka
Contrast 작지만
jakjiman		 작은데
jageunde		 작더니
jakdeoni
Conjunction 작고
jakgo
Condition 작으면
jageumyeon		 작아야
jagaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 작음
jageum		 작기
jakgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 작았음
jagasseum		 작았기
jagatgi
Determiners Present 작은
jageun
Future 작을
jageul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 작으시다
jageusida 		작으셔
jageusyeo 		작으세요, 작으셔요
jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo 		작으십니다
jageusimnida
Past 작으셨다
jageusyeotda 		작으셨어
jageusyeosseo 		작으셨어요
jageusyeosseoyo 		작으셨습니다
jageusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 작으시냐
jageusinya 		작으셔
jageusyeo 		작으세요, 작으셔요
jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo 		작으십니까
jageusimnikka
Past 작으셨냐
jageusyeonnya 		작으셨어
jageusyeosseo 		작으셨어요
jageusyeosseoyo 		작으셨습니까
jageusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 작으시겠다
jageusigetda		 작으시겠어
jageusigesseo		 작으시겠어요
jageusigesseoyo		 작으시겠습니다
jageusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 작으셔
jageusyeo		 작으셔서
jageusyeoseo		 작으시니
jageusini		 작으시니까
jageusinikka
Contrast 작으시지만
jageusijiman		 작으신데
jageusinde		 작으시더니
jageusideoni
Conjunction 작으시고
jageusigo
Condition 작으시면
jageusimyeon		 작으셔야
jageusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 작으심
jageusim		 작으시기
jageusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 작으셨음
jageusyeosseum		 작으셨기
jageusyeotgi
Determiners Present 작으신
jageusin
Future 작으실
jageusil
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