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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *welwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (to hit, strike).

Pronunciation

Verb

𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (wilwan)

  1. to take by force (of people or things), to rob, to raven (obtain or seize by violence)
    • Matthew 7:15
      𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌰𐌿𐌷 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌰𐍄 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐍉𐌼 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌴, 𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃.
      atsaiƕiþ swēþauh faura liugnapraufētum þaim izei qimand at izwis in wastjōm lambē, iþ innaþrō sind wulfōs wilwandans.
      Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. (KJV)
    • Mark 3:27:
      𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌲 𐌺𐌰𐍃𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽, 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 ⟨𐌸𐌰𐌽⟩ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌹𐍃 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹.
      ni manna mag kasa swinþis galeiþands in gard is wilwan, niba faurþis þana swinþan gabindiþ; jah ⟨þan⟩ þana gard is diswilwai.
      No man can enter into the house of a strong man and rob him of his goods, unless he first bind the strong man, and then shall he plunder his house. (Douay-Rheims)
    • John 6:15:
      𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 ⟨𐌹𐌽𐌰⟩ 𐌴𐌹 𐍄𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰, 𐌰𐍆𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃.
      iþ iēsus kunnands þatei munaidēdun usgaggan jah wilwan ⟨ina⟩ ei tawidēdeina ina du þiudana, afiddja aftra in fairguni is ains.
      When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take him by force, to make him a king, he departed again into a mountain himself alone. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 strong
infinitive 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽
wilwan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰
wilwa
𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅
walw
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰
wilwada
2nd singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐍃
wilwis
𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐍄
walwt
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌶𐌰
wilwaza
3rd singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸
wilwiþ
𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅
walw
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰
wilwada
1st dual 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐍉𐍃
wilwōs
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿
wulwu
2nd dual 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃
wilwats
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃
wulwuts
1st plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌼
wilwam
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐌼
wulwum
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
wilwanda
2nd plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸
wilwiþ
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐌸
wulwuþ
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
wilwanda
3rd plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳
wilwand
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐌽
wulwun
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
wilwanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿
wilwau
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿
wulwjau
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwaidau
2nd singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍃
wilwais
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃
wulweis
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
wilwaizau
3rd singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹
wilwai
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌹
wulwi
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwaidau
1st dual 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰
wilwaiwa
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰
wulweiwa
2nd dual 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃
wilwaits
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃
wulweits
1st plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
wilwaima
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
wulweima
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwaindau
2nd plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸
wilwaiþ
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸
wulweiþ
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwaindau
3rd plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
wilwaina
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
wulweina
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwaindau
imperative
2nd singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅
wilw
3rd singular 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwadau
2nd dual 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃
wilwats
2nd plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸
wilwiþ
3rd plural 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
wilwandau
present past
participles 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
wilwands
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃
wulwans

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 175