Inherited from Old French eschangier, from Vulgar Latin *excambiāre (from Latin ex with Late Latin cambiāre).
échanger
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written échange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | échanger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | échangeant /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | échangé /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échanges /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échangeons /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
échangez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ |
échangent /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | échangeais /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
échangeais /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
échangeait /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
échangions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
échangiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒje/ |
échangeaient /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | échangeai /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ |
échangeas /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ |
échangea /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ |
échangeâmes /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒam/ |
échangeâtes /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒat/ |
échangèrent /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | échangerai /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
échangeras /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
échangera /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
échangerons /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
échangerez /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
échangeront /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | échangerais /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
échangerais /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
échangerait /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
échangerions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
échangeriez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
échangeraient /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échanges /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échangions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
échangiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒje/ |
échangent /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | échangeasse /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ |
échangeasses /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ |
échangeât /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ |
échangeassions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
échangeassiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
échangeassent /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
— | échangeons /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
échangez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||