établir

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French establir, inherited from Latin stabilīre.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /e.ta.bliʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

établir

  1. to make out (a bill), to draw up (a document etc.)
  2. to establish, to set up (a business, government, camp, reputation etc.)
  3. to demonstrate, establish (a fact, responsibility)
  4. (sports) to set (a record)
  5. to institute (a rule)
  6. (reflexive) to settle down
  7. (reflexive) (+ preposition à) to stand at (about a statistic)
  8. (reflexive, biology) to colonize
  9. (uncommon) to become part of common usage

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of établir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple établir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple établissant
/e.ta.bli.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle établi
/e.ta.bli/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present établis
/e.ta.bli/ 		établis
/e.ta.bli/ 		établit
/e.ta.bli/ 		établissons
/e.ta.bli.sɔ̃/ 		établissez
/e.ta.bli.se/ 		établissent
/e.ta.blis/
imperfect établissais
/e.ta.bli.sɛ/ 		établissais
/e.ta.bli.sɛ/ 		établissait
/e.ta.bli.sɛ/ 		établissions
/e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ 		établissiez
/e.ta.bli.sje/ 		établissaient
/e.ta.bli.sɛ/
past historic2 établis
/e.ta.bli/ 		établis
/e.ta.bli/ 		établit
/e.ta.bli/ 		établîmes
/e.ta.blim/ 		établîtes
/e.ta.blit/ 		établirent
/e.ta.bliʁ/
future établirai
/e.ta.bli.ʁe/ 		établiras
/e.ta.bli.ʁa/ 		établira
/e.ta.bli.ʁa/ 		établirons
/e.ta.bli.ʁɔ̃/ 		établirez
/e.ta.bli.ʁe/ 		établiront
/e.ta.bli.ʁɔ̃/
conditional établirais
/e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ 		établirais
/e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ 		établirait
/e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ 		établirions
/e.ta.bli.ʁjɔ̃/ 		établiriez
/e.ta.bli.ʁje/ 		établiraient
/e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present établisse
/e.ta.blis/ 		établisses
/e.ta.blis/ 		établisse
/e.ta.blis/ 		établissions
/e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ 		établissiez
/e.ta.bli.sje/ 		établissent
/e.ta.blis/
imperfect2 établisse
/e.ta.blis/ 		établisses
/e.ta.blis/ 		établît
/e.ta.bli/ 		établissions
/e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ 		établissiez
/e.ta.bli.sje/ 		établissent
/e.ta.blis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — établis
/e.ta.bli/ 		— établissons
/e.ta.bli.sɔ̃/ 		établissez
/e.ta.bli.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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