γάλα
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "gala"
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- γλάγος (glágos)
Etymology
Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lac, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection.
The variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡá.la/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡa.la/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɣa.la/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈɣa.la/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈɣa.la/
Noun
γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension
Usage notes
γᾰ́λᾰ was sometimes treated as indeclinable.
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ tò gála |
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε tṑ gálakte |
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ tà gálakta | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος toû gálaktos |
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν toîn galáktoin |
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων tôn galáktōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ tôi gálakti |
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν toîn galáktoin |
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ / γᾰ́λᾰξῐν toîs gálaxi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ tò gála |
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε tṑ gálakte |
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ tà gálakta | ||||||||||
| Vocative | γᾰ́λᾰ gála |
γᾰ́λᾰκτε gálakte |
γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ gálakta | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ tò gála |
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε tṑ gálake |
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ tà gálaka | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος toû gálakos |
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν toîn galákoin |
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων tôn galákōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ tôi gálaki |
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν toîn galákoin |
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ / γᾰ́λᾰῐν / γᾰ́λᾰξῐ / γᾰ́λᾰξῐν toîs gálai(n) / gálaxi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ tò gála |
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε tṑ gálake |
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ tà gálaka | ||||||||||
| Vocative | γᾰ́λᾰ gála |
γᾰ́λᾰκε gálake |
γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ gálaka | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- γλαγάω (glagáō)
- γαλάκτινος (galáktinos)
- γαλάκτιον (galáktion)
- γαλακτοφάγος (galaktophágos)
- γαλαξίας (galaxías)
- ὀξύγαλα (oxúgala)
Descendants
References
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “kalank-i”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γάλα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 256: “IE *glkt(-)”
Further reading
- “γάλα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γάλα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γάλα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γάλα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γάλα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γάλα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “γάλα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1051 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- milla idem, page 529.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek γάλα (gála), from Proto-Indo-European *glakt-, *galakt-.
Cognate with Mariupol Greek га́ла (hála).
Pronunciation
Noun
γάλα • (gála) n (plural γάλατα)
- milk
- κατσικίσιο γάλα ― katsikísio gála ― goat's milk
Declension
Declension of γάλα
Coordinate terms
Related terms
- γαλατάς m (galatás, “milkman”)
- γαλατάδικο n (galatádiko, “dairy”)
- γαλακτοπωλείο n (galaktopoleío, “dairy”)
- βουτυρόγαλα f (voutyrógala, “buttermilk”)
- κρέμα γάλακτος f (kréma gálaktos, “dairy cream”)
- πρωτόγαλα f (protógala, “colostrum”)
- σκονόγαλα f (skonógala, “powdered milk”)
- συμπυκνωμένο γάλα f (sympyknoméno gála, “condensed milk”)
Further reading
- “γάλα”, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998