γυμνός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷomnós by Cowgill's Law (o → u between labial and resonant), from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷmós by metathesis (possible taboo deformation; if the metathesis didn't happen we would have *νυγμός), from *nogʷós; see there for the cognates.

Pronunciation

Adjective

γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension

1. naked, nude, unclad
2. unarmed, without armor, defenseless
3. bare, uncovered
4. stripped, destitute
5. lightly clad
6. mere

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Greek: γυμνός (gymnós)

Further reading

• “γυμνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γυμνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “γυμνός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γυμνός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• γυμνός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• γυμνός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “γυμνός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G1131 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bare idem, page 62.
  • blank idem, page 81.
  • defenceless idem, page 204.
  • denude idem, page 211.
  • exposed idem, page 295.
  • naked idem, page 550.
  • nude idem, page 562.
  • open idem, page 574.
  • unarmed idem, page 907.
  • unclothed idem, page 909.
  • uncovered idem, page 911.
  • undressed idem, page 915.
  • unguarded idem, page 920.
  • unprotected idem, page 928.
  • unrobed idem, page 930.
  • vulnerable idem, page 958.
• American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Ed. Calvert Watkins. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
• Huld, Martin E. “Magic, Metathesis and Nudity in Indo-European Thought.” Ancient Languages and Philology. Vol 1 of Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel. Eds. Dorothy Disterheft et al. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph 20. Gen. eds. A. Richard Diebold and Edgar C. Polomé. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. 75-92.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷomnós, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Adjective

γυμνός • (gymnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνό)

1. naked, unsheathed, bare.

Declension

Derived terms

• γυμνότητα (gymnótita, “nakedness”)
• γυμνισμός (gymnismós, “naturism”)

Related terms

see: γυμνάζω (gymnázo, “to train, to exercise”)