φάλαινα

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Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰá.lai̯.na/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰa.lɛ.na/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸa.lɛ.na/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.le.na/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.le.na/

Noun

φάλαινᾰ • (phálaina) f (genitive φαλαίνης); first declension

Alternative form of φάλλαινα (phállaina, “moth”)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ φάλαινᾰ; τῆς φαλαίνης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ φάλαινᾰ hē phálaina	τὼ φαλαίνᾱ tṑ phalaínā	αἱ φάλαιναι hai phálainai
Genitive	τῆς φαλαίνης tês phalaínēs	τοῖν φαλαίναιν toîn phalaínain	τῶν φαλαινῶν tôn phalainôn
Dative	τῇ φαλαίνῃ têi phalaínēi	τοῖν φαλαίναιν toîn phalaínain	ταῖς φαλαίναις taîs phalaínais
Accusative	τὴν φάλαινᾰν tḕn phálainan	τὼ φαλαίνᾱ tṑ phalaínā	τᾱ̀ς φαλαίνᾱς tā̀s phalaínās
Vocative	φάλαινᾰ phálaina	φαλαίνᾱ phalaínā	φάλαιναι phálainai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Greek

Alternative forms

φάλινα (fálina), φάλ'να (fál'na) — dialectal^[1]^[2]
φάλλαινα f (fállaina)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek φάλλαινα (phállaina), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to inflate, blow, swell”), from *bʰel- (“to bloom”). Cognates include Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma), Old English blōstm, blæd (“leaf”) (English blossom, blade) and Sanskrit फुलम् (phulam).

Noun

φάλαινα • (fálaina) f (plural φάλαινες)

whale
(figuratively, derogatory) fat woman, landwhale

Declension

Declension of **φάλαινα**
	singular	plural
nominative	φάλαινα (fálaina)	φάλαινες (fálaines)
genitive	φάλαινας (fálainas)	φαλαινών (falainón)
accusative	φάλαινα (fálaina)	φάλαινες (fálaines)
vocative	φάλαινα (fálaina)	φάλαινες (fálaines)

Coordinate terms

see: κητώδη n pl (kitódi, “cetacea”)

Descendants

→ Turkish: afalina, afala (İzmir, Rize), afarna (Ordu)
- → Russian: афали́на (afalína), офели́на (ofelína) — obsolete
  - → Abkhaz: афали́на (afalína)
  - → Armenian: աֆալինա (afalina)
  - → Azerbaijani: afalina
  - → Georgian: აფალინა (apalina)
  - → Ukrainian: афалі́на (afalína)
- → English: afalina
- → Romanian: afalin
- → Bulgarian: афа́ла (afála)

References

^ Georgacas, Demetrius J. (1978) “Turkish Common Names of Aquatic Animals (and Congeners) and Fishing Terms of Greek Origin”, in Bollettino dell'Atlante Linguistico Mediterraneo‎, volume 20, Pisa: Giardini, § 152, page 134 of 119–145, additionally records the dialectal forms fályna in Skiathos and fályena in Chios
^ Tzitzilis, Christos (1987) Griechische Lehnwörter im Türkischen (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anatolischen Dialekte) (Schriften der Balkan-Kommission, philologische Abteilung; 33)‎ (in German), Vienna: Academy Press, § 556, page 132

Further reading

φάλαινα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el

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