χρίω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey(H)- (“to smear, strike”), which is perhaps extended from *gʰer- (“to rub”). Potential cognates are uncertain, but include Phrygian γεγρειμεναν (gegreimenan, “painted, adorned, written”), Lithuanian griẽti (“to skim (cream from milk)”), English grime. See also χρῶμα (khrôma, “complexion, color”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

χρῑ́ω • (khrī́ō)

  1. to smear with , rub on something; to anoint with olive oil
  2. (middle voice) to anoint oneself, usually with olive oil
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.97–98:
      αἱ δὲ λοεσσάμεναι καὶ χρīσάμεναι λίπ’ ἐλαίῳ
      δεῖπνον ἔπειθ’ εἵλοντο παρ’ ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο,
      hai dè loessámenai kaì khrīsámenai líp’ elaíōi
      deîpnon épeith’ heílonto par’ ókhthēisin potamoîo,
      After they bathed and anointed themselves richly with olive oil,
      they then took lunch on the banks of the river,
  3. (biblical, in the Septuagint) to anoint someone ceremonially to consecrate them as king, priest, etc.
    • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Kings 9.3:
      τάδε λέγει Κύριος· κέχρικά σε εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ·
      táde légei Kúrios; kékhriká se eis basiléa epì Israḗl;
      The Lord says this: I have anointed you as king over Israel.

Inflection

   Present: χρῑ́ω, χρῑ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative χρῑ́ω χρῑ́εις χρῑ́ει χρῑ́ετον χρῑ́ετον χρῑ́ομεν χρῑ́ετε χρῑ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive χρῑ́ω χρῑ́ῃς χρῑ́ῃ χρῑ́ητον χρῑ́ητον χρῑ́ωμεν χρῑ́ητε χρῑ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative χρῑ́οιμῐ χρῑ́οις χρῑ́οι χρῑ́οιτον χρῑοίτην χρῑ́οιμεν χρῑ́οιτε χρῑ́οιεν
imperative   χρῖε χρῑέτω χρῑ́ετον χρῑέτων   χρῑ́ετε χρῑόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative χρῑ́ομαι χρῑ́ῃ,
χρῑ́ει 		χρῑ́εται χρῑ́εσθον χρῑ́εσθον χρῑόμεθᾰ χρῑ́εσθε χρῑ́ονται
subjunctive χρῑ́ωμαι χρῑ́ῃ χρῑ́ηται χρῑ́ησθον χρῑ́ησθον χρῑώμεθᾰ χρῑ́ησθε χρῑ́ωνται
optative χρῑοίμην χρῑ́οιο χρῑ́οιτο χρῑ́οισθον χρῑοίσθην χρῑοίμεθᾰ χρῑ́οισθε χρῑ́οιντο
imperative   χρῑ́ου χρῑέσθω χρῑ́εσθον χρῑέσθων   χρῑ́εσθε χρῑέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive χρῑ́ειν χρῑ́εσθαι
participle m χρῑ́ων χρῑόμενος
f χρῑ́ουσᾰ χρῑομένη
n χρῖον χρῑόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔχρῑον, ἐχρῑόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔχρῑον ἔχρῑες ἔχρῑε(ν) ἐχρῑ́ετον ἐχρῑέτην ἐχρῑ́ομεν ἐχρῑ́ετε ἔχρῑον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐχρῑόμην ἐχρῑ́ου ἐχρῑ́ετο ἐχρῑ́εσθον ἐχρῑέσθην ἐχρῑόμεθᾰ ἐχρῑ́εσθε ἐχρῑ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: χρῖον, χρῑόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative χρῖον χρῖες χρῖε(ν) χρῑ́ετον χρῑέτην χρῑ́ομεν χρῑ́ετε χρῖον
middle/
passive 		indicative χρῑόμην χρῑ́ου χρῑ́ετο χρῑ́εσθον χρῑέσθην χρῑόμε(σ)θᾰ χρῑ́εσθε χρῑ́οντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: χρῑ́σω, χρῑ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative χρῑ́σω χρῑ́σεις χρῑ́σει χρῑ́σετον χρῑ́σετον χρῑ́σομεν χρῑ́σετε χρῑ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative χρῑ́σοιμῐ χρῑ́σοις χρῑ́σοι χρῑ́σοιτον χρῑσοίτην χρῑ́σοιμεν χρῑ́σοιτε χρῑ́σοιεν
middle indicative χρῑ́σομαι χρῑ́σῃ,
χρῑ́σει 		χρῑ́σεται χρῑ́σεσθον χρῑ́σεσθον χρῑσόμεθᾰ χρῑ́σεσθε χρῑ́σονται
optative χρῑσοίμην χρῑ́σοιο χρῑ́σοιτο χρῑ́σοισθον χρῑσοίσθην χρῑσοίμεθᾰ χρῑ́σοισθε χρῑ́σοιντο
active middle
infinitive χρῑ́σειν χρῑ́σεσθαι
participle m χρῑ́σων χρῑσόμενος
f χρῑ́σουσᾰ χρῑσομένη
n χρῖσον χρῑσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔχρῑσᾰ, ἐχρῑσᾰ́μην, ἐχρῑ́σθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔχρῑσᾰ ἔχρῑσᾰς ἔχρῑσε(ν) ἐχρῑ́σᾰτον ἐχρῑσᾰ́την ἐχρῑ́σᾰμεν ἐχρῑ́σᾰτε ἔχρῑσᾰν
subjunctive χρῑ́σω χρῑ́σῃς χρῑ́σῃ χρῑ́σητον χρῑ́σητον χρῑ́σωμεν χρῑ́σητε χρῑ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative χρῑ́σαιμῐ χρῑ́σειᾰς,
χρῑ́σαις 		χρῑ́σειε(ν),
χρῑ́σαι 		χρῑ́σαιτον χρῑσαίτην χρῑ́σαιμεν χρῑ́σαιτε χρῑ́σειᾰν,
χρῑ́σαιεν
imperative   χρῖσον χρῑσᾰ́τω χρῑ́σᾰτον χρῑσᾰ́των   χρῑ́σᾰτε χρῑσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐχρῑσᾰ́μην ἐχρῑ́σω ἐχρῑ́σᾰτο ἐχρῑ́σᾰσθον ἐχρῑσᾰ́σθην ἐχρῑσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐχρῑ́σᾰσθε ἐχρῑ́σᾰντο
subjunctive χρῑ́σωμαι χρῑ́σῃ χρῑ́σηται χρῑ́σησθον χρῑ́σησθον χρῑσώμεθᾰ χρῑ́σησθε χρῑ́σωνται
optative χρῑσαίμην χρῑ́σαιο χρῑ́σαιτο χρῑ́σαισθον χρῑσαίσθην χρῑσαίμεθᾰ χρῑ́σαισθε χρῑ́σαιντο
imperative   χρῖσαι χρῑσᾰ́σθω χρῑ́σᾰσθον χρῑσᾰ́σθων   χρῑ́σᾰσθε χρῑσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐχρῑ́σθην ἐχρῑ́σθης ἐχρῑ́σθη ἐχρῑ́σθητον ἐχρῑσθήτην ἐχρῑ́σθημεν ἐχρῑ́σθητε ἐχρῑ́σθησᾰν
subjunctive χρῑσθῶ χρῑσθῇς χρῑσθῇ χρῑσθῆτον χρῑσθῆτον χρῑσθῶμεν χρῑσθῆτε χρῑσθῶσῐ(ν)
optative χρῑσθείην χρῑσθείης χρῑσθείη χρῑσθεῖτον,
χρῑσθείητον 		χρῑσθείτην,
χρῑσθειήτην 		χρῑσθεῖμεν,
χρῑσθείημεν 		χρῑσθεῖτε,
χρῑσθείητε 		χρῑσθεῖεν,
χρῑσθείησᾰν
imperative   χρῑ́σθητῐ χρῑσθήτω χρῑ́σθητον χρῑσθήτων   χρῑ́σθητε χρῑσθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive χρῖσαι χρῑ́σᾰσθαι χρῑσθῆναι
participle m χρῑ́σᾱς χρῑσᾰ́μενος χρῑσθείς
f χρῑ́σᾱσᾰ χρῑσᾰμένη χρῑσθεῖσᾰ
n χρῖσᾰν χρῑσᾰ́μενον χρῑσθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: χρῖσᾰ, χρῑσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative χρῖσᾰ χρῖσᾰς χρῖσε(ν) χρῑ́σᾰτον χρῑσᾰ́την χρῑ́σᾰμεν χρῑ́σᾰτε χρῖσᾰν
middle indicative χρῑσᾰ́μην χρῑ́σᾰο χρῑ́σᾰτο χρῑ́σᾰσθον χρῑσᾰ́σθην χρῑσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ χρῑ́σᾰσθε χρῑ́σᾰντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: κέχρῑκᾰ, κέχρῑμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative κέχρῑκᾰ κέχρῑκᾰς κέχρῑκε(ν) κεχρῑ́κᾰτον κεχρῑ́κᾰτον κεχρῑ́κᾰμεν κεχρῑ́κᾰτε κεχρῑ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive κεχρῑ́κω κεχρῑ́κῃς κεχρῑ́κῃ κεχρῑ́κητον κεχρῑ́κητον κεχρῑ́κωμεν κεχρῑ́κητε κεχρῑ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative κεχρῑ́κοιμῐ,
κεχρῑκοίην 		κεχρῑ́κοις,
κεχρῑκοίης 		κεχρῑ́κοι,
κεχρῑκοίη 		κεχρῑ́κοιτον κεχρῑκοίτην κεχρῑ́κοιμεν κεχρῑ́κοιτε κεχρῑ́κοιεν
imperative   κέχρῑκε κεχρῑκέτω κεχρῑ́κετον κεχρῑκέτων   κεχρῑ́κετε κεχρῑκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative κέχρῑμαι κέχρῑσαι κέχρῑται κέχρῑσθον κέχρῑσθον κεχρῑ́μεθᾰ κέχρῑσθε κέχρῑνται
subjunctive κεχρῑμένος ὦ κεχρῑμένος ᾖς κεχρῑμένος ᾖ κεχρῑμένω ἦτον κεχρῑμένω ἦτον κεχρῑμένοι ὦμεν κεχρῑμένοι ἦτε κεχρῑμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative κεχρῑμένος εἴην κεχρῑμένος εἴης κεχρῑμένος εἴη κεχρῑμένω εἴητον/εἶτον κεχρῑμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην κεχρῑμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν κεχρῑμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε κεχρῑμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   κέχρῑσο κεχρῑ́σθω κέχρῑσθον κεχρῑ́σθων   κέχρῑσθε κεχρῑ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive κεχρῑκέναι κεχρῖσθαι
participle m κεχρῑκώς κεχρῑμένος
f κεχρῑκυῖᾰ κεχρῑμένη
n κεχρῑκός κεχρῑμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: κέχρῑσμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative κέχρῑσμαι κέχρῑσαι κέχρῑσται κέχρῑσθον κέχρῑσθον κεχρῑ́σμεθᾰ κέχρῑσθε κεχρῑ́σᾰται
subjunctive κεχρῑσμένος ὦ κεχρῑσμένος ᾖς κεχρῑσμένος ᾖ κεχρῑσμένω ἦτον κεχρῑσμένω ἦτον κεχρῑσμένοι ὦμεν κεχρῑσμένοι ἦτε κεχρῑσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative κεχρῑσμένος εἴην κεχρῑσμένος εἴης κεχρῑσμένος εἴη κεχρῑσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον κεχρῑσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην κεχρῑσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν κεχρῑσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε κεχρῑσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   κέχρῑσο κεχρῑ́σθω κέχρῑσθον κεχρῑ́σθων   κέχρῑσθε κεχρῑ́σθων
middle/passive
infinitive κεχρῖσθαι
participle m κεχρῑσμένος
f κεχρῑσμένη
n κεχρῑσμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐκεχρῑ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐκεχρῑ́μην ἐκέχρῑσο ἐκέχρῑτο ἐκέχρῑσθον ἐκεχρῑ́σθην ἐκεχρῑ́μεθᾰ ἐκέχρῑσθε ἐκέχρῑντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χρῑ́ω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1650

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō).

Verb

χρίω • (chrío) (past έχρισα)

  1. to anoint

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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