запеклий

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From запек(ти́) (zapek(tý), to bake) +‎ -лий (-lyj). Formed analogously to a past active participle of the verb. Compare Russian запёкший (zapjókšij).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

запе́клий (zapéklyj) (comparative запе́кліший, superlative найзапе́кліший, adverb запе́кло, abstract noun запе́клість)

  1. (colloquial) baked, baked-in, hardened
    Synonym: запе́чений (zapéčenyj)
  2. hardened (inured, toughened, unfeeling: heart, soul, etc.)
  3. hardened, diehard, inveterate, obstinate (firmly established or unlikely to change)
    Synonyms: завзя́тий (zavzjátyj), закорені́лий (zakorenílyj), затя́тий (zatjátyj), невипра́вний (nevyprávnyj), упе́ртий (upértyj)
    запе́клий злочи́нецьzapéklyj zločýnecʹhardened criminal
  4. implacable, sworn (enemy, foe, etc.)
    Synonyms: закля́тий (zakljátyj), непримире́нний (neprymyrénnyj), непримири́мий (neprymyrýmyj)
    запе́клий во́рогzapéklyj vórohsworn enemy
  5. tenacious, staunch (unwilling to yield or give up; dogged)
    Synonyms: завзя́тий (zavzjátyj), відчайду́шний (vidčajdúšnyj)
    вого́нь запе́клих не пече́ (military motto)
    vohónʹ zapéklyx ne pečé
    fire does not burn the tenacious
    (literally, “fire does not burn the fire-hardened”)
    • 1842, Taras Shevchenko, translated by Vera Rich, Гамалія [Hamaliya]‎:
      Козацьтво сміливо літає.
      Ніхто на світі не втече!
      Огонь запеклих не пече.
      Kozacʹtvo smilyvo litaje.
      Nixto na sviti ne vteče!
      Ohonʹ zapeklyx ne peče.
      The Cossacks fly from place to place,
      Not a soul who can escape them,
      The fire-hard ones, no flame can scathe them.
  6. bitter, fierce (conflict, hostility, resistance, struggle, etc.)
    Synonyms: лю́тий (ljútyj), жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)
    запе́клий о́пірzapéklyj ópirfierce resistance, stiff resistance

Declension

Further reading