այս

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Armenian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian այս (ays). The dialectal forms are inherited. Doublet of աս (as).

Alternative forms

Determiner

այս (ays)

  1. this
    Այս տունը իմն է։Ays tunə imn ē.This house is mine.
  2. these
Usage notes

այս and սա (sa) form a pronoun-determiner pair. In the standard language, այս must modify a noun, whereas սա can never. These apply also to այդ (ayd), այն (ayn) and դա (da), նա (na).

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian այս (ays).

Noun

այս (ays)

  1. (archaic) evil spirit
Declension

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From the demonstrative particle *այ- (*ay-) +‎ *սո- (*so-). For the first see այն (ayn).

Pronoun

այս (ays)

  1. (demonstrative) this
    ասացից զայս ինչ եւ զայնasacʻicʻ zays inčʻ ew zaynI shall say this and that, so and so
    այս անգամays angamthis time, this once
    այս անունays anunsuch-a-one
    այս նիշays nišmarked thus, having this mark, such
    այսու ամենայնիւaysu amenayniwstill, nevertheless, as for the rest
    յայսմ հետէyaysm hetēhereafter, henceforward, henceforth, from this moment or hour, for the future.
    յայսմ վայրիyaysm vayrihere, in this place; now
    յայս սակսyays saksit is why, for this purpose or reason, on this account, consequently
    ցայս ցայնcʻays cʻaynboth as to this and to that, considering both sides of the case
Declension
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Armenian: այս (ays), աս (as)
See also

References

  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “այս”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “այս”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “այս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • Abrahamyan, Ašot (1976) Grabari jeṙnark [A Handbook of Old Armenian]‎ (in Armenian), 4th edition, Yerevan: Luys
  • Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 107

Etymology 2

The origin is uncertain.

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)nsu-yo- and cognate with Sanskrit असुर (ásura, god, lord, name of a group of gods), Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎 (ahu, lord, overlord), Hittite (ḫaš-, to procreate), Proto-Germanic *ansuz.

Alternatively, a Mediterranean-Pontic substrate word related to Etruscan 𐌀𐌉𐌔 (ais, god).

For the sense development compare Classical Syriac ܙܝܩܐ (zīqā, strong wind; a type of demon).

Noun

այս (ays)

  1. (rare) wind
    • 5th century, Eznik Kołbacʿi, Ełc ałandocʿ 116:
      քանզի յորժամ մեք ասեմք, թե «Սիք շնչէ», ստորնեայք ասեն «Այս շնչէ»։
      [] kʻanzi yoržam mekʻ asemkʻ, tʻe “Sikʻ šnčʻē”, storneaykʻ asen “Ays šnčʻē”.
      • Translation by Blanchard & Young
        Because when we say "a breeze blows," the southerners say, "a spirit blows."
  2. evil spirit
Usage notes

According to Eznik, այս (ays) was used in southern Armenia, whereas the synonym սիք (sikʻ) was used in northern Armenia.

Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Armenian: այս (ays) (learned)

References

  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “այս”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “այս”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “այս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ays”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 59
  1. ^ Blanchard, Monica J., Young, Robin Darling (1998) A Treatise on God written in Armenian by Eznik of Kołb (floruit c.430-c.450). An English translation, with introduction and notes (Eastern Christian texts in translation), Leuven: Peeters, page 87