معاش

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Arabic

Root
ع ي ش (ʕ y š)
8 terms

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    مَعَاش (maʕāšm

    1. verbal noun of عَاشَ (ʕāša) (form I)
    2. livelihood, subsistence
      • 1377, Ibn Khaldun, edited by Khalīl Shaḥādah, تاريخ ابن خلدون, 1st edition, volume 1, Beirut, Lebanon: Dār al-Fikr, published 1981, page 727:
        وَأَكْثَرُ مَا يَحْمِلُ عَلَى ٱلْتِمَاسِ هٰذِهِ الصِّنَاعَةِ وَٱنْتِحَالِهَا هُوَ كَمَا قُلْنَاهُ الْعَجْزُ عَنِ الطُّرُقِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ لِلْمَعَاشِ وَٱبْتِغَاؤُهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وُجُوهِهِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ كَٱلْفِلَاحَةِ وَٱلتِّجَارَةِ وَٱلصِّنَاعَةِ فَيَسْتَصْعِبُ الْعَاجِزُ ٱبْتِغَاءَهُ مِنْ هٰذِهِ وَيَرُومُ الْحُصُولَ عَلَى الْكَثِيرِ مِنَ الْمَالِ دُفْعَةً بِوُجُوهٍ غَيْرِ طَبِيعِيَّةٍ مِنَ الْكِيمِيَاءِ وَغَيْرِهَا.
        waʔakṯaru mā yaḥmilu ʕalā ltimāsi hāḏihi ṣ-ṣināʕati wantiḥālihā huwa kamā qulnāhu l-ʕajzu ʕani ṭ-ṭuruqi ṭ-ṭabīʕiyyati lilmaʕāši wabtiḡāʔuhu min ḡayri wujūhihi ṭ-ṭabīʕiyyati kal-filāḥati wat-tijārati waṣ-ṣināʕati fayastaṣʕibu l-ʕājizu btiḡāʔahu min hāḏihi wayarūmu l-ḥuṣūla ʕalā l-kaṯīri mina l-māli dufʕatan biwujūhin ḡayri ṭabīʕiyyatin mina l-kīmiyāʔi waḡayrihā.
        The most common cause of the desire to practice alchemy is, as we have stated; a person’s inability to make his living in a natural way and the wish to make a living in some way that, unlike agriculture, commerce, and (handi)craft, is not natural. A person without ability finds it difficult to make his living in such (legitimate occupations). He wants to get rich all at once through some (occupation) that is not natural, such as alchemy and other things.
        Translated by Franz Rosenthal
    3. (post-Classical) salary
      Synonym: رَاتِب (rātib)

    Declension

    Descendants

    Ottoman Turkish

    Etymology

      Borrowed from Arabic مَعَاش (maʕāš), from عَاشَ (ʕāša).

      Noun

      معاش (maaş) (definite accusative معاشی (maaşı), plural معاشات (maaşat) or معائش (maaiş))

      1. salary, pension, or other source of income; living

      Descendants

      References

      Persian

      Etymology

        Borrowed from Arabic مَعَاش (maʕāš), from عَاشَ (ʕāša).

        Pronunciation

        Readings
        Classical reading? ma'āš
        Dari reading? ma'āš
        Iranian reading? ma'âš
        Tajik reading? maʾoš

        Noun

        معاش (ma'āšma'âš)

        1. wage, income, salary
        2. livelihood, subsistence, means of living

        Derived terms

        Descendants

        Further reading

        • Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “معاش”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 337
        • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “معاش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
        • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “معاش”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
        • معاش”, in قاموس کبیر افغانستان [qāmūs-i kabīr-i afğānistān, The Great Dictionary of Afghanistan] (in Persian), Afghan Dictionary, 2023

        Urdu

        Etymology

          Borrowed from Classical Persian مَعَاش (ma'āš), borrowed from Arabic مَعَاش (maʕāš), from عَاشَ (ʕāša).

          Pronunciation

          Noun

          مَعاش (ma'āšf (Hindi spelling मआश)

          1. economy
          2. livelihood, subsistence, living

          References

          • معاش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
          • معاش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.